Data Types and Structures: A Comprehensive Guide for Data Science and Analytics

Question 1

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of structured data?

Accepted Answer

Tabular organization with well-defined columns and rows

Answer

Flexible data structures that may not conform to tabular format

Answer

Data with no discernible structure or pattern

Answer

Data that is stored in a relational database

Question 2

Which type of data lacks a predefined structure?

Accepted Answer

Unstructured data

Answer

Structured data

Answer

Semi-structured data

Answer

Relational data

Question 3

Data structure refers to:

Accepted Answer

The organizational format of data

Answer

The data's intended meaning

Answer

The data's size

Answer

The data's type

Question 4

Which of the following is not a fundamental data type?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 5

Which factor is MOST important when choosing the best data structure for a task?

Accepted Answer

Overall efficiency

Answer

Data type compatibility

Answer

Ease of implementation

Answer

Storage efficiency

Question 6

Classify data into structured, semi-structured, and unstructured types. Provide an example for each.

Accepted Answer

Structured: Data with a rigid structure and predefined fields. Example: A database table.

Accepted Answer

Semi-structured: Data with a flexible structure and some defined tags. Example: Data in JSON format.

Accepted Answer

Unstructured: Data without a defined structure. Example: Text documents or images.

Question 7

Which data type is used to represent integers?

Accepted Answer

Integer

Answer

Float

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 8

Which data structure allows for efficient insertion and retrieval of elements at the beginning and end?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Stack

Question 9

Which data structure is best suited for representing hierarchical relationships between elements?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Stack

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Question 10

Which data type is used to represent true or false values?

Accepted Answer

Boolean

Answer

Integer

Answer

Double

Answer

String

Question 11

Which data structure is used to store and retrieve elements using key-value pairs?

Accepted Answer

Map

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of linked lists over arrays?

Accepted Answer

Easier insertion and deletion of elements

Answer

Better suited for storing large amounts of data

Answer

Faster random access

Answer

More efficient memory usage

Question 13

Which data type is used to represent individual characters?

Accepted Answer

Character

Answer

Double

Answer

Boolean

Answer

Integer

Question 14

Which sorting algorithm operates by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are out of order?

Accepted Answer

Bubble Sort

Answer

Heap Sort

Answer

Quick Sort

Answer

Merge Sort

Question 15

Which data type is most suitable for representing a birthdate in a program?

Accepted Answer

Date

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Question 16

Which of the following data structures is considered a linear data structure?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Tree

Answer

Graph

Answer

Hash table

Question 17

What is the operation used to add an element to the end of an array?

Accepted Answer

Append

Answer

Insert

Answer

Push

Question 18

Which of these real-world examples best illustrates the concept of a stack data structure?

Accepted Answer

Stack of plates

Answer

Linked list of items

Answer

Tree of folders

Answer

Queue of people at a bus stop

Question 19

Which data structure is particularly well-suited for storing a collection of unique elements, allowing for fast lookups and efficient removal?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Queue

Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Question 20

Which operation on a binary tree has a time complexity of O(n), meaning the time taken increases proportionally to the number of nodes in the tree?

Accepted Answer

Inorder traversal

Answer

Search

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a typical advantage of using a graph data structure?

Accepted Answer

Fast insertion and deletion operations

Answer

Widely used in network analysis

Answer

Support for complex data structures

Answer

Efficient representation of relationships between objects

Question 22

Which of the following is a potential problem that can arise when using a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Tree can become unbalanced, leading to inefficient search operations

Answer

Duplicate values cannot be stored

Answer

Insertion operations can be time-consuming

Answer

Search operations can be slow for large trees

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in JavaScript?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

String

Answer

Boolean

Answer

Number

Question 24

What data structure is used to represent a hierarchical collection of data?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Answer

Stack

Question 25

Which of the following sorting algorithms has a time complexity of O(n log n) in the average case?

Accepted Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Bubble Sort

Answer

Selection Sort

Answer

Insertion Sort

Question 26

What is the purpose of a hash table data structure?

Accepted Answer

To efficiently store and retrieve data by key

Answer

To represent a linear collection of data

Answer

To sort data in ascending or descending order

Answer

To store data in a doubly linked list

Question 27

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a linked list data structure?

Accepted Answer

Nodes are connected by pointers

Answer

Elements are stored in a contiguous block of memory

Answer

Deletion and insertion operations are very efficient

Answer

Access is only possible from the beginning of the list

Question 28

What is the difference between a stack and a queue data structure?

Accepted Answer

A stack is LIFO, while a queue is FIFO

Answer

A stack is implemented using recursion, while a queue uses iteration

Answer

A stack is used for storing data temporarily, while a queue is used for persistent storage

Answer

A stack has fixed size, while a queue is resizable

Question 29

Which of the following is a valid syntax to declare an array in Python?

Accepted Answer

my_array = []

Answer

declare my_array = []

Answer

my_array := []

Answer

new my_array = []

Question 30

What is the output of the following JavaScript code: console.log(typeof NaN);

Accepted Answer

number

Answer

undefined

Answer

null

Answer

boolean

Question 31

Which of the following represents a valid JSON data structure?

Accepted Answer

{ "name": "John Doe", "age": 30 }

Answer

["John Doe", 30]

Answer

{ John Doe, 30 }

Answer

name: "John Doe", age: 30

Question 32

What is the difference between a strongly typed and a weakly typed programming language?

Accepted Answer

Strongly typed languages enforce data type checking, while weakly typed languages do not

Answer

Strongly typed languages have better performance, while weakly typed languages are more flexible

Answer

Strongly typed languages are compiled, while weakly typed languages are interpreted