Thermodynamics: Energy and Matter - Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Define enthalpy and entropy, providing examples to demonstrate their importance in chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy measures the total energy change, while entropy measures the disorder of a system.

Answer

Entropy measures the total energy change, while enthalpy measures the disorder of a system.

Answer

Both enthalpy and entropy measure the total energy change of a system.

Answer

Both enthalpy and entropy measure the disorder of a system.

Question 2

Which thermodynamic process involves keeping the temperature constant?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isochoric

Question 3

Which of the following is a key characteristic of an open thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

Mass and energy can freely enter or leave the system.

Answer

Only mass can enter or leave the system, while energy cannot.

Answer

Only energy can enter or leave the system, while mass cannot.

Answer

Neither mass nor energy can enter or leave the system.

Question 4

Which of the following is **not** one of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat spontaneously flows from cold objects to hot objects.

Answer

The total energy of the universe is constant.

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always increases.

Answer

The efficiency of a heat engine can never reach 100%.

Question 5

What is the change in entropy when 1 mole of an ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 1 L to 2 L?

Accepted Answer

8.314 J/K

Answer

0 J/K

Answer

16.628 J/K

Answer

33.256 J/K

Question 6

Which of the following processes is exothermic?

Accepted Answer

Burning of methane gas

Answer

Dissolving salt in water

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Melting of ice

Question 7

What is the Gibbs free energy change for a reaction at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Indeterminate

Question 8

Which of the following is a unit of entropy?

Accepted Answer

Joules per Kelvin

Answer

Calories per gram

Answer

Degrees Celsius

Answer

Watts

Question 9

What is the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between a hot reservoir at 500 K and a cold reservoir at 300 K?

Accepted Answer

33.33%

Answer

20%

Answer

50%

Answer

66.67%

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a closed system?

Accepted Answer

A sealed container of gas

Answer

A room with an open window

Answer

A boiling pot of water

Answer

A car engine

Question 11

What is the sign of the entropy change when water changes from a liquid to a gas (vaporization)?

Accepted Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Zero

Answer

Cannot be determined without more information

Question 12

Examine the given phase diagram for water. Determine the phase transitions and the specific conditions at which they occur:

Accepted Answer

Solid to liquid transition at 0°C and 1 atm

Accepted Answer

Liquid to gas transition at 100°C and 1 atm

Answer

Gas to liquid transition at 0°C and 1 atm

Answer

Solid to gas transition at 100°C and 1 atm

Question 13

What is the main idea of the third law of thermodynamics, especially about entropy at absolute zero?

Accepted Answer

A perfect crystal has zero entropy at absolute zero.

Answer

A system's entropy reaches infinity at absolute zero.

Answer

Entropy is a conserved quantity.

Answer

A system's enthalpy is zero at absolute zero.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The efficiency of a heat engine can exceed 100%

Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (First Law)

Answer

Entropy always increases over time (Second Law)

Answer

Heat spontaneously flows from hot to cold (Zeroth Law)

Question 15

What is the change in entropy when an ideal gas expands isothermally from volume V1 to volume V2?

Accepted Answer

R ln (V2/V1)

Answer

0

Answer

-R ln (V2/V1)

Answer

10 R ln 2

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous process?

Accepted Answer

Ice melting at room temperature

Answer

Water flowing uphill

Answer

Evaporation of water in a closed container

Answer

Sugar dissolving in a saturated solution

Question 17

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

Accepted Answer

G = H - TS

Answer

G = H + TS

Answer

G = U + PV

Answer

G = U - TS

Question 18

Which type of system can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 19

Which of the following statements about enthalpy change is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enthalpy change is related to the change in internal energy and volume.

Answer

Enthalpy change is always negative for exothermic reactions.

Answer

Enthalpy change is positive for reactions at equilibrium.

Answer

Enthalpy change is temperature-independent.

Question 20

How is entropy related to the randomness of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is directly proportional to randomness

Answer

Entropy is inversely proportional to randomness

Answer

Entropy is not related to randomness

Answer

Entropy is a measure of the energy of a system

Question 21

Evaluate the following statement: The Second Law of Thermodynamics universally holds true under all circumstances.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false.

Answer

The statement is true.

Answer

The statement is true only for closed systems.

Answer

The statement is true only for spontaneous processes.

Question 22

Which statement is NOT a law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat can flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object.

Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer

Entropy always increases in irreversible processes.

Answer

The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.

Question 23

What is the value of ΔG for a reaction that is at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

0

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 24

What is the fundamental difference between heat and temperature?

Accepted Answer

Heat is energy in transit, while temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles.

Answer

Temperature is energy in transit, while heat measures the average kinetic energy of particles.

Answer

Heat and temperature are equivalent concepts.

Answer

Temperature measures the total energy of a system, while heat measures the change in energy.

Question 25

What is the relationship between entropy and disorder in a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is directly proportional to disorder.

Answer

Entropy is inversely proportional to disorder.

Answer

Entropy is not related to disorder.

Answer

The relationship between entropy and disorder depends on the system.

Question 26

What is the significance of the third law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

It defines the absolute zero of temperature.

Answer

It predicts the direction of spontaneous reactions.

Answer

It relates entropy to the number of microstates of a system.

Answer

It explains why entropy always increases.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Law of conservation of energy

Answer

Zeroth law

Answer

First law

Answer

Second law

Question 28

What is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Heat

Question 29

What is the change in enthalpy when a system undergoes an isothermal process?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 30

Which of the following is a system that can exchange heat and work with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 31

Which of the following is a reversible process?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of gases

Answer

Melting of ice

Answer

Burning of fuel

Question 32

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement best describes thermal energy?

Accepted Answer

Total kinetic and potential energy of molecules in a system, transferable as heat or work

Answer

Potential energy stored within a system's molecules

Answer

Energy stored in chemical bonds, released or absorbed during chemical reactions

Answer

Measure of a system's temperature, used to calculate entropy changes

Question 33

Which of the following reactions is exothermic?

Accepted Answer

Combustion of methane

Answer

Dissolution of sodium chloride in water

Answer

Melting of ice

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 34

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is greater than 1. What can be concluded about the free energy change for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.

Answer

The reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction.

Answer

The reaction is at equilibrium.

Answer

The free energy change cannot be determined from the given information.

Question 35

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Answer

Energy can be created or destroyed.

Answer

Energy can be created but not destroyed.

Answer

Energy can be destroyed but not created.

Question 36

What is the SI unit of entropy?

Accepted Answer

Joule per kelvin

Answer

Joule

Answer

Kilojoule per mole

Answer

Mole per kilogram

Question 37

How is heat flow related to entropy?

Accepted Answer

Heat flow increases entropy.

Answer

Heat flow decreases entropy.

Answer

Heat flow has no effect on entropy.

Answer

Entropy flow increases heat.

Question 38

Which of the following systems can be categorized as closed?

Accepted Answer

A sealed container filled with gas

Answer

A pot of boiling water

Answer

A car engine

Answer

A room with an open window

Question 39

What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

75%

Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Question 40

What is the key difference between heat and work?

Accepted Answer

Heat is transferred by a temperature difference, while work is done by forces.

Answer

Work is transferred by a temperature difference, while heat is done by forces.

Answer

Heat and work are essentially the same thing.

Answer

Heat is a measure of energy, while work is a measure of force.

Question 41

Which of the following processes occurs spontaneously at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

A hot cup of coffee cooling down

Answer

Water freezing

Answer

A battery charging

Answer

A ball rolling uphill

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system always decreases.

Answer

The entropy of the universe always increases.

Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 43

Which of the following is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 44

Which of the following is the system that exchanges both energy and matter with the surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Answer

Isolated system

Question 45

Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which the temperature of the system remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal process

Answer

Adiabatic process

Answer

Isobaric process

Answer

Isochoric process

Question 46

Which of the following is a characteristic of a reversible process?

Accepted Answer

The system returns to its original state when the process is reversed.

Answer

The work done by the system is always positive.

Answer

The entropy of the system increases.

Question 47

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

Answer

Entropy always decreases in an open system.

Answer

The total energy of the universe is always decreasing.

Question 48

Which of the following is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 49

The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, relates:

Accepted Answer

Pressure, volume, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Answer

Volume, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Answer

Pressure, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Answer

Pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas.

Question 50

An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at:

Accepted Answer

Constant temperature.

Answer

Constant entropy.

Answer

Constant volume.

Answer

Constant pressure.

Question 51

An isochoric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at:

Accepted Answer

Constant volume.

Answer

Constant temperature.

Answer

Constant entropy.

Answer

Constant pressure.

Question 52

An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at:

Accepted Answer

Constant pressure.

Answer

Constant temperature.

Answer

Constant entropy.

Answer

Constant volume.

Question 53

An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process that occurs:

Accepted Answer

Without any heat exchange with the surroundings.

Answer

At constant pressure.

Answer

At constant volume.

Answer

At constant temperature.

Question 54

A reversible process is a thermodynamic process that:

Accepted Answer

Can be reversed without any change in the system or its surroundings.

Answer

Occurs at constant temperature.

Answer

Occurs at constant volume.

Answer

Cannot be reversed without a change in the system or its surroundings.