Cybersecurity for High School Seniors: Learn the Basics of Online Safety

Question 1

How do government agencies and industry organizations collaborate to establish cybersecurity regulations and standards?

Accepted Answer

Government agencies and industry organizations work together to develop and enforce cybersecurity regulations and standards.

Answer

Government agencies solely develop regulations, while industry organizations enforce standards.

Answer

Industry organizations solely develop standards, without government involvement.

Answer

Government agencies and industry organizations have separate, non-overlapping roles in creating and enforcing cybersecurity regulations and standards.

Question 2

How does incident response planning help reduce the impact of a cyberattack?

Accepted Answer

Provides a structured framework for responding and recovering, minimizing downtime and data loss.

Answer

Eliminates the need for manual intervention, reducing human error and speeding up response.

Answer

Predicts and prevents cyberattacks entirely, making incident response planning unnecessary.

Answer

Ensures the organization has financial resources to pay ransoms in case of a ransomware attack.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the principles and practices of secure software development?

Accepted Answer

Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities during design and coding, using threat modeling and code reviews

Answer

Only using encrypted communication channels and firewalls to protect software systems

Answer

Identifying potential vulnerabilities only during the testing phase of software development

Answer

Patching software only after vulnerabilities have been discovered

Question 4

Mobile cybersecurity faces evolving threats. How can organizations safeguard mobile devices and data from malicious attacks and vulnerabilities? Discuss protective measures.

Accepted Answer

Implement strong password policies and multi-factor authentication for mobile devices.

Accepted Answer

Conduct regular malware scans and promptly update software on mobile devices.

Answer

Allow employees to use personal mobile devices for work purposes.

Answer

Mobile devices do not require specific security measures due to limited sensitive data storage and access.

Question 5

When choosing a cybersecurity framework, which factor is most crucial?

Accepted Answer

Alignment with industry standards and best practices

Answer

Cost and ease of implementation

Answer

Compatibility with existing infrastructure and systems

Answer

Endorsement by a specific vendor or organization

Question 6

Which of the following is a common type of network security attack that involves an attacker impersonating a trusted entity?

Accepted Answer

Man-in-the-middle attack

Answer

Malware

Answer

Denial of service

Answer

Buffer overflow

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of encryption in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To protect data from unauthorized access and modification

Answer

To convert data into a secret code

Answer

To improve data transmission speed

Answer

To store data more efficiently

Question 8

What is the main goal of cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To protect information, systems, and networks from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction

Answer

To guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of information

Answer

To prevent all cyberattacks

Answer

To prosecute cybercriminals

Question 9

What is the primary function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to computer systems

Answer

To detect and block malicious software

Answer

To encrypt data

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of social engineering attack that involves tricking users into revealing sensitive information?

Accepted Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware injection

Answer

SQL injection

Answer

Cross-site scripting

Question 11

What is the purpose of a vulnerability assessment?

Accepted Answer

To identify potential security weaknesses in a computer system or network

Answer

To remediate security vulnerabilities

Answer

To monitor network traffic for malicious activity

Answer

To train cybersecurity personnel

Question 12

Which of the following is not considered a type of cyberattack?

Accepted Answer

System upgrade

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

Denial of service

Question 13

What is the primary function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To block unauthorized access to a network by monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic

Answer

To detect and prevent cyberattacks by identifying suspicious patterns and activities

Answer

To monitor network traffic to identify potential security breaches and vulnerabilities

Answer

To encrypt network traffic to protect data from eavesdropping

Question 14

What is the key difference between a virus and a worm in the context of malware?

Accepted Answer

Viruses require a host program to execute, while worms are standalone programs that can self-replicate.

Answer

Worms require a host program to execute, while viruses are standalone programs that can self-replicate.

Answer

Viruses can spread through email attachments, while worms cannot.

Answer

Worms can spread through email attachments, while viruses cannot.

Question 15

What is the process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext using a secure key called?

Accepted Answer

Encryption

Answer

Hashing

Answer

Decryption

Answer

Authentication

Question 16

Which ethical hacking technique involves exploiting the system to uncover vulnerabilities?

Accepted Answer

Penetration testing

Answer

Social engineering

Answer

Brute force attack

Answer

Malware analysis

Question 17

What is the intended purpose of a security header in an HTTP response?

Accepted Answer

Prevent cross-site scripting attacks

Answer

Provide secure access to sensitive data

Answer

Enforce session management policies

Answer

Monitor network traffic for anomalies

Question 18

Which of the following is considered a social engineering attack technique?

Accepted Answer

Spear phishing

Answer

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)

Answer

SQL injection

Answer

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

Question 19

What is the underlying principle of least privilege?

Accepted Answer

Granting users only the minimum access necessary to perform their tasks

Answer

Restricting access to sensitive data to a select few

Answer

Implementing multi-factor authentication for all users

Answer

Monitoring user activity to detect suspicious behavior

Question 20

What is the primary function of a digital certificate in the context of cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Authenticating the identity of a website or user

Answer

Encrypting data transmissions

Answer

Preventing unauthorized access to systems

Answer

Detecting and removing malware

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of cryptography in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and modification

Answer

To create and manage digital identities for secure authentication

Answer

To prevent malicious software from infecting computer systems

Answer

To enhance the performance of network communications

Question 22

What is the main goal of an ethical hacker?

Accepted Answer

To identify vulnerabilities in systems and responsibly report them

Answer

To exploit vulnerabilities for personal gain

Answer

To create and distribute malware for malicious purposes

Answer

To protect systems from cyberattacks without authorization

Question 23

What is the key difference between a virus and a worm in the context of malware?

Accepted Answer

Viruses attach to files to replicate, while worms can replicate independently

Answer

Worms attach to files to replicate, while viruses can replicate independently

Answer

Viruses are more destructive than worms

Answer

Worms are more destructive than viruses

Question 24

What is the purpose of a honeypot in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To act as a decoy system to attract and monitor potential attackers

Answer

To scan networks for vulnerabilities and suspicious activities

Answer

To block unauthorized access attempts to protected systems

Answer

To encrypt sensitive data during transmission

Question 25

What is the primary purpose of cryptography in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To encrypt and decrypt sensitive data

Answer

To protect networks from unauthorized access

Answer

To prevent Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Question 26

Which step marks the commencement of the ethical hacking process?

Accepted Answer

Reconnaissance

Answer

Gaining access

Answer

Exploitation

Answer

Reporting vulnerabilities

Question 27

What is the primary function of a firewall in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to a network

Answer

To encrypt and decrypt data

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To prevent Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Question 28

Which type of malware is typically spread through email attachments?

Accepted Answer

Viruses

Answer

Worms

Answer

Trojan horses

Answer

Spyware

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of a honeypot in a cybersecurity context?

Accepted Answer

To attract and monitor attackers

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to a network

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To encrypt and decrypt data

Question 30

What is the primary difference between a firewall and an intrusion detection system (IDS)?

Accepted Answer

Firewalls prevent unauthorized network access, while IDS monitors for suspicious network activity

Answer

IDS prevents unauthorized network access, while firewalls monitor for suspicious network activity

Answer

Firewalls and IDS serve the same purpose, with IDS being more advanced

Answer

Firewalls are software-based, while IDS are hardware-based

Question 31

Which of the following is a recommended practice to prevent phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication

Answer

Open attachments from unknown senders

Answer

Click on links in emails without verifying the sender's authenticity

Answer

Share personal information over social media platforms

Question 32

What is a primary objective of conducting a security audit?

Accepted Answer

To identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in a computer system

Answer

To monitor network traffic for suspicious activity

Answer

To enforce compliance with cybersecurity policies

Answer

To educate employees on cybersecurity best practices

Question 33

What is the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) primarily responsible for in the context of cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Developing cybersecurity standards and guidelines

Answer

Investigating cyberattacks and prosecuting cybercriminals

Answer

Raising public awareness about cybersecurity risks

Answer

Certifying cybersecurity professionals

Question 34

Which algorithm encrypts and decrypts data using the same key?

Accepted Answer

AES

Answer

RSA

Answer

SHA-256

Question 35

Identify the essential components of a comprehensive cybersecurity incident response plan.

Accepted Answer

Identification

Accepted Answer

Containment

Accepted Answer

Recovery

Question 36

What is the significance of threat intelligence in cybersecurity? How can organizations use it to proactively identify and mitigate cyber threats?

Accepted Answer

Threat intelligence involves gathering and analyzing information about potential cyber threats to inform decision-making and strengthen cybersecurity posture.

Answer

Threat intelligence is primarily used to respond to cyber threats after they have occurred.

Answer

Threat intelligence is only relevant for large organizations with extensive cybersecurity resources.

Question 37

Which software tool is primarily designed to shield computers from viruses and other malicious programs?

Accepted Answer

Anti-virus software

Answer

Firewall

Answer

Intrusion detection system

Answer

Encryption software

Question 38

What type of malware locks a victim's files and demands payment to release them?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Adware

Question 39

What is the primary function of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

To prevent unauthorized network access

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To encrypt data

Answer

To back up data

Question 40

What are the ethical obligations of ethical hackers, and how should they act to avoid legal consequences and harm to their employers?

Accepted Answer

Ethical hackers must follow professional codes of conduct, prioritize confidentiality, and respect user privacy.

Answer

Ethical hackers may hack into systems without permission to find vulnerabilities.

Answer

Ethical hackers may use hacking tools and techniques for personal gain or malicious purposes.

Question 41

Which type of cyberattack involves obtaining sensitive information by deceptive means, such as phishing emails?

Accepted Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

DDoS

Answer

SQL injection

Question 42

What is the primary function of encryption in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To protect data from unauthorized access and eavesdropping

Answer

To increase network speed and efficiency

Answer

To detect and remove malware and other threats

Answer

To prevent data loss and corruption

Question 43

What is the term for the authorized and legal attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in a system or network to identify potential risks?

Accepted Answer

Penetration testing

Answer

Malware analysis

Answer

Vulnerability assessment

Answer

Risk management

Question 44

Which feature is NOT recommended for creating robust passwords?

Accepted Answer

Memorability

Answer

Length of at least 12 characters

Answer

Inclusion of special characters

Answer

Combination of uppercase and lowercase letters

Question 45

What is the main purpose of conducting a security audit in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To identify vulnerabilities, assess risks, and recommend improvements

Answer

To implement and manage security measures

Answer

To train employees on cybersecurity protocols

Answer

To recover from and mitigate the effects of cyberattacks

Question 46

Which cybersecurity threat is particularly prevalent in cloud computing environments due to shared infrastructure and resources?

Accepted Answer

Data breaches

Answer

DDoS attacks

Answer

Malware infections

Answer

Phishing scams

Question 47

What is the primary purpose of using a honeypot in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To attract and deceive potential attackers and gather intelligence

Answer

To monitor network traffic and identify anomalies

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to systems and networks

Answer

To detect and block malware and other malicious software

Question 48

What is the primary goal of incident response in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To minimize the impact of a cyberattack, contain it, and restore normal operations

Answer

To identify the attackers, gather evidence, and pursue legal action

Answer

To prevent future attacks from occurring

Answer

To recover lost data and systems

Question 49

Which cryptographic algorithm is known for its high level of security and is commonly used to encrypt data in secure communications?

Accepted Answer

RSA

Answer

AES

Answer

SHA-256

Answer

MD5

Question 50

What is the primary function of a firewall in a network security system?

Accepted Answer

To block unauthorized access and protect the network from cyber threats

Answer

To monitor and log network traffic for analysis and intrusion detection

Answer

To encrypt data transmitted over the network to prevent eavesdropping

Answer

To provide backup and redundancy in case of network failures

Question 51

What is the main purpose of ethical hacking in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To identify and exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems to improve security

Answer

To gain unauthorized access to and steal sensitive data

Answer

To disrupt critical infrastructure and cause widespread chaos

Answer

To monitor and track the activities of legitimate users

Question 52

What is the purpose of deploying honeypots in a cybersecurity framework?

Accepted Answer

To attract and deceive potential attackers to gather intelligence and identify their tactics

Answer

To provide early warning of cyberattacks by detecting suspicious activities

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to critical systems by acting as a decoy

Answer

To monitor and track the behavior patterns of legitimate users

Question 53

To kickstart the process of threat analysis for bolstering an organization's cybersecurity, which step is essential?

Accepted Answer

Conducting a Risk Assessment

Answer

Simulating a Breach Incident

Answer

Performing Vulnerability Scans

Answer

Creating an Incident Response Plan

Question 54

Which type of malware encrypts files on a victim's computer and demands payment to decrypt them? The most effective defense technique against this type of malware is:

Accepted Answer

Ransomware - Data backup

Answer

Virus - Antivirus software

Answer

Spyware - Firewall

Answer

Trojan horse - Intrusion detection system

Question 55

Which element is **NOT** crucial in an incident response plan?

Accepted Answer

Periodic testing and plan updates

Answer

Identifying and containing the incident

Answer

Eradicating the threat and recovering systems

Question 56

When creating a cybersecurity strategy, which of the following should be a primary consideration regarding legal and ethical concerns?

Accepted Answer

Adhering to relevant regulations

Accepted Answer

Protecting data privacy in accordance with laws

Accepted Answer

Considering ethical implications

Answer

Implementing technical security measures

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a common type of cyberattack?

Accepted Answer

Physical intrusion

Answer

DoS attack

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Question 58

What is the primary purpose of cryptography in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

To protect data from unauthorized access and modification

Answer

To speed up data transmission

Answer

To enhance user experience

Answer

To organize data efficiently

Question 59

Which of the following is a best practice for maintaining network security?

Accepted Answer

Using firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS)

Answer

Allowing access to all external devices

Answer

Disabling security updates

Answer

Sharing passwords with colleagues

Question 60

What does the term 'ethical hacking' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Authorized attempts to identify vulnerabilities in computer systems

Answer

Unauthorized attempts to gain access to computer systems

Answer

The development of cybersecurity software

Answer

The use of computers for criminal activities

Question 61

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a cyberattack?

Accepted Answer

Financial loss

Answer

Improved productivity

Answer

Enhanced brand reputation

Answer

Increased customer satisfaction

Question 62

Which of the following is a primary goal of cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Protecting data and systems from unauthorized access or damage

Answer

Enhancing computer speed

Answer

Increasing software efficiency

Answer

Improving user experience

Question 63

Which type of encryption uses a unique public key for encryption and a different private key for decryption?

Accepted Answer

Asymmetric cryptography

Answer

Symmetric cryptography

Answer

Block cipher

Question 64

What is the primary function of a firewall in a computer network?

Accepted Answer

To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, blocking threats

Answer

To perform automatic backups

Answer

To detect and quarantine malware

Answer

To store user data