Inheritance Patterns: Master the Laws of Genetics

Question 1

When a dominant allele is present in an individual, the recessive form of the trait is not expressed. Which of the following genotypes would display the trait determined by the recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

aa

Answer

AA

Answer

Aa

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics exhibits polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Blood type

Answer

PTC tasting

Question 3

A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene is known as:

Accepted Answer

Monogenic disorder

Answer

Polygenic disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Multifactorial disorder

Question 4

The division of a cell that produces genetically identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Mutation

Question 5

Which of the following is the smallest unit of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

DNA

Answer

Ribosome

Question 6

What is the term for the visible traits of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Homozygote

Answer

Heterozygote

Question 7

When two individuals with the same genetic makeup mate, it is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Homozygous cross

Answer

Monohybrid cross

Answer

Dihybrid cross

Answer

Heterozygous cross

Question 8

What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 9

The basic unit of heredity that controls the expression of a specific trait is called a:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Cell

Answer

Nucleus

Question 10

Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics' for his groundbreaking work on inheritance patterns in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 11

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, alleles for different traits:

Accepted Answer

Separate independently during gamete formation.

Answer

Are always inherited together.

Answer

Exhibit dominance and recessiveness.

Answer

Determine an organism's phenotype.

Question 12

A homozygous genotype indicates that an organism has:

Accepted Answer

Two identical alleles for a particular trait.

Answer

Two different alleles for a particular trait.

Answer

Expressing a dominant phenotype.

Answer

Expressing a recessive phenotype.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Blue eyes

Answer

Recessive alleles

Answer

Codominant alleles

Question 14

A Punnett square is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

Answer

Determine the number of chromosomes in an organism.

Answer

Analyze the DNA sequence of a gene.

Answer

Identify genetic mutations.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sex-linked trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Blood type

Question 16

In Mendelian genetics, the correct order of dominance relationships, from strongest to weakest, is:

Accepted Answer

Dominant > Recessive

Answer

Recessive > Dominant

Answer

Codominant > Dominant > Recessive

Answer

Dominant > Codominant > Recessive

Question 17

What is the fundamental unit of heredity, carrying genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Allele

Answer

Trait

Question 18

Who is credited as the pioneer in the field of genetics, whose work established the principles of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 19

Which principle of Mendelian genetics states that during gamete formation, alleles for each gene segregate (separate) from each other?

Accepted Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Answer

Law of Blending Inheritance

Question 20

In a cross between two individuals carrying different alleles for a particular trait, what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive

Answer

100% homozygous dominant

Answer

100% homozygous recessive

Answer

50% homozygous dominant, 50% homozygous recessive

Question 21

Which term refers to different versions of a gene that code for alternative forms of a trait?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Traits

Answer

Phenotypes

Answer

Genotypes

Question 22

Which trait is an example of a sex-linked trait, meaning the gene responsible for the trait is located on a sex chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Hair color

Answer

Height

Question 23

What term describes the complete set of an individual's genetic material, including all of their genes?

Accepted Answer

Genome

Answer

Proteome

Answer

Transcriptome

Answer

Phenotype

Question 24

Who is recognized as the pioneer of genetics for his work on pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 25

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous dominant from heterozygous parents?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 26

Which of the following traits is carried on the X chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Red-green colorblindness

Answer

Albinism

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 27

What term encompasses the entirety of an organism's genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Genome

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Gene

Answer

Proteome

Question 28

Which of the following methods involves analyzing inheritance patterns within a family?

Accepted Answer

Pedigree analysis

Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microscopy

Question 29

The law of independent assortment states that:

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes are inherited separately.

Answer

Genes on the same chromosome are not inherited independently.

Answer

Dominance is a complete trait.

Answer

Recessive alleles are only expressed in homozygous individuals.

Question 30

Which chromosomal abnormality is caused by an additional copy of a particular chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 31

Which of the following inheritance patterns involves the expression of both dominant alleles in heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Answer

Incomplete dominance

Answer

Dominance

Answer

Recessive inheritance

Question 32

What is the genetic makeup of an organism known as?

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Karyotype

Answer

Allele

Question 33

Which of the following traits is sex-linked?

Accepted Answer

Red-green color blindness

Answer

Tallness

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Freckles

Question 34

What is the scientific study of inheritance and variation called?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Ecology

Answer

Evolution

Question 35

What is an individual who carries a recessive allele for a trait but does not show the trait called?

Accepted Answer

Carrier

Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Dominant

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 37

What is the name of the diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring?

Accepted Answer

Punnett square

Answer

Karyotype

Answer

Pedigree chart

Answer

Cladogram

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Acquired traits can be inherited.

Answer

Traits are passed down from parents to offspring through gametes.

Answer

The genotype of an individual is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from both parents.

Answer

Alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 39

What is the probability of a homozygous recessive individual (rr) producing an offspring with the dominant phenotype (RR)?

Accepted Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 40

What is the term for the physical expression of traits?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Answer

Genotype

Question 41

Which of the following factors CAN influence gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors

Answer

Neither environmental factors nor phenotype

Answer

Only the phenotype of the individual

Answer

Only the genotype of the individual

Question 42

What is the term for the process by which new genetic variation is introduced into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Gene flow

Answer

Genetic drift

Question 43

What is the primary function of chromosomes in inheritance?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes and determine traits.

Answer

They control the rate of cell division.

Answer

They provide energy for the cell.

Question 44

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

Answer

Dominant alleles always mask the expression of recessive alleles.

Answer

All inherited traits are either dominant or recessive.

Question 45

In a heterozygous individual, the dominant allele:

Accepted Answer

Masks the phenotypic expression of the recessive allele.

Answer

Is always inherited from the mother.

Answer

Cannot be passed on to offspring.

Answer

Is always located on a different chromosome than the recessive allele.

Question 46

Which of the following genotypes represents an individual that is homozygous dominant for a particular trait?

Accepted Answer

AA

Answer

aa

Answer

Aa

Question 47

In a cross between a black (BB) guinea pig and a white (bb) guinea pig, what is the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

100% black

Answer

1:1 black-to-white

Answer

3:1 black-to-white

Answer

0:1 black-to-white

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a continuous variation in humans?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Hair type

Answer

Eye color