Biochemistry Basics: Definition and Scope for Biotechnology Students

Question 1

Which of the following processes is not primarily investigated in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

The electrical properties of neurons

Answer

The metabolism of carbohydrates

Answer

The regulation of gene expression

Answer

The synthesis of proteins

Question 2

Enzymes primarily facilitate biochemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the activation energy

Answer

Increasing their rate

Answer

Providing necessary energy

Answer

Modifying the equilibrium of the reaction

Question 3

Which of the given substances is not classified as a biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Silicon

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Protein

Answer

Lipid

Question 4

Which principle describes the flow of genetic information in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

RNA → DNA → Protein

Answer

Protein → DNA → RNA

Answer

Protein → RNA → DNA

Question 5

The monomer unit of a nucleic acid is known as:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Nucleoside

Answer

Base

Answer

Sugar

Question 6

The primary role of the ribosome in protein synthesis is:

Accepted Answer

Assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

Transporting genetic information from the nucleus

Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Proofreading the synthesized protein

Question 7

Which of the following definitions most accurately describes biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

The study of physical and chemical processes in living organisms

Answer

The study of genetic material and its transmission

Answer

The study of the interactions between cells and tissues

Answer

The study of the evolution of species

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary category of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Question 9

What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

To decrease the activation energy of the reaction

Answer

To increase the activation energy of the reaction

Answer

To change the products of the reaction

Answer

To inhibit the reaction

Question 10

Which technique is commonly utilized to separate proteins based on their size and charge?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Microscopy

Question 11

A fundamental characteristic of metabolic pathways is that they:

Accepted Answer

Consist of a series of interconnected chemical reactions

Answer

Are linear and irreversible

Answer

Occur exclusively in prokaryotic cells

Answer

Do not involve the release of energy

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a potential application of biochemistry in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Quantum computing

Answer

Development of new pharmaceuticals

Answer

Production of biofuels

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 13

Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for energy storage in cells?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Collagen

Answer

Ribonucleic acid

Question 14

A characteristic of hydrophobic molecules is that they:

Accepted Answer

Dissolve readily in organic solvents

Answer

Prefer to interact with water

Answer

Form micelles in aqueous solutions

Answer

Are polar in nature

Question 15

A distinctive difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is:

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not

Answer

Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes, while prokaryotic cells do not

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a cell membrane, while eukaryotic cells do not

Answer

Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells

Question 16

In molecular biology, what is the sequence of information flow?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Answer

Protein → RNA → DNA

Answer

RNA → DNA → Protein

Answer

DNA → Protein → RNA

Question 17

Which molecule serves as the building block for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Nucleotides

Answer

Monosaccharides

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 18

Which type of molecule is NOT considered a biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 19

Within the human body, what is the typical pH range for blood?

Accepted Answer

7.2 - 7.4

Answer

6.5 - 7.5

Answer

7.8 - 8.2

Answer

8.5 - 9.0

Question 20

In biochemical reactions, what is the primary role of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lowering the reaction's activation energy

Answer

Increasing the reaction's activation energy

Answer

Shifting the reaction's equilibrium

Answer

Changing the reaction's products

Question 21

What is the process by which plants utilize sunlight to create chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 22

During protein synthesis, what is the function of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Translation of RNA into protein

Answer

Transcription of DNA into RNA

Answer

Replication of DNA

Answer

Post-translational protein modification

Question 23

What eukaryotic organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

What is DNA composed of chemically?

Accepted Answer

A deoxyribose sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases

Answer

A ribose sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases

Answer

A glucose sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases

Answer

A deoxyribose sugar-phosphate backbone with amino acids