Lipids: Structure, Function, and Metabolism - Biochemistry for Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Highly soluble in water

Answer

Store large amounts of energy

Answer

Some act as signaling molecules

Answer

Are typically monomeric in nature

Question 2

The hydrocarbon chains of a phospholipid are typically composed of:

Accepted Answer

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer

Glycerol and phosphate groups

Answer

Sugars and amino acids

Answer

Nucleotides and bases

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining membrane fluidity and integrity

Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Answer

Facilitating the transport of ions

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 4

Which type of fatty acid is necessary for human health but cannot be synthesized internally and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer

Saturated fatty acid

Answer

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Answer

Trans fatty acid

Question 5

The synthesis of fatty acids primarily occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of lipids in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Progesterone

Question 7

A lipid that consists of a steroid nucleus with attached hydrocarbon chains is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Phospholipid

Answer

Glycolipid

Question 8

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic nature

Answer

Solubility in water

Answer

Absence of long hydrocarbon chains

Answer

Inability to store energy

Question 9

What is the primary role of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming and maintaining cell membranes

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Transporting oxygen

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 10

Which of the following processes involves the breakdown of lipids for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 11

Which steroid is known for its role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 12

What type of chemical bond is formed between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Van der Waals force

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a monounsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Oleic acid

Answer

Palmitic acid

Answer

Stearic acid

Answer

Palmitoleic acid

Question 14

In biotechnology, how do lipids contribute to the development of biofuels and drug delivery systems?

Accepted Answer

Lipids serve as a renewable source for biofuel production, while phospholipids facilitate targeted drug delivery through encapsulation.

Answer

Lipids are primarily used in the production of plastics and biomaterials, while steroids function as hormone replacements.

Answer

Lipids are commonly employed as emulsifiers in food and cosmetic products, and fatty acids are primarily used as dietary supplements.

Answer

Lipids have limited applications within biotechnology.

Question 15

What is the main structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Number of carbon-carbon double bonds

Answer

Length of the carbon chain

Answer

Presence of functional groups

Answer

Molecular weight

Question 16

Where does the majority of lipid digestion and absorption occur in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Liver

Question 17

Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylcholine

Answer

Triglyceride

Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Steroid hormone

Question 18

What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Transport lipids in the bloodstream

Answer

Store lipids in adipose tissue

Answer

Synthesize lipids in the liver

Answer

Regulate blood glucose levels

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Lipase

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Nuclease

Question 20

Which of the following is the most abundant phospholipid in eukaryotic cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylcholine

Answer

Sphingomyelin

Answer

Phosphatidylinositol

Answer

Cardiolipin

Question 21

What is a crucial function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining membrane fluidity and permeability

Answer

Providing structural support solely

Answer

Regulating ion transport exclusively

Question 22

Which type of lipids is characterized by a backbone of either glycerol or sphingosine, along with fatty acid chains and a polar head group?

Accepted Answer

Glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids

Answer

Phosphatidylserine exclusively

Answer

Waxes exclusively

Answer

Terpenes exclusively

Question 23

What is the main effect of unsaturated fatty acids on lipid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Lowering lipid melting point and promoting membrane fluidity

Answer

Increasing cholesterol levels

Answer

Storing energy solely

Question 24

What is a defining characteristic of essential fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet

Answer

Solely derived from dietary fats

Answer

Found in all types of lipids

Question 25

What is a key role of eicosanoids in the body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as hormone-like molecules and regulating inflammation

Answer

Providing energy exclusively

Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 26

Which process is responsible for breaking down lipids into smaller molecules?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Proteolysis

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 27

What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating the transport of lipids through the bloodstream

Answer

Storing hormones primarily

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Providing structural support to cells exclusively

Question 28

Which of the following is a potential health concern linked to high levels of LDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of developing cardiovascular disorders

Answer

Vitamin deficiencies

Answer

Enhanced immune system

Answer

Reduced cognitive function

Question 29

What is the major source of lipids for most organisms?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fats and oils

Answer

Proteins exclusively

Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates solely