Recombinant DNA Technology: Principles and Techniques for Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Which restriction enzyme recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-GATC-3'?

Accepted Answer

EcoRI

Answer

BamHI

Answer

HindIII

Answer

SalI

Question 2

Which bacterium is commonly utilized as a host organism for gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Bacillus subtilis

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 3

Which technique is employed to introduce DNA into bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Electroporation

Answer

Microinjection

Answer

Gene gun

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 4

Which type of RNA molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA

Answer

Transfer RNA

Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Answer

Small nuclear RNA

Question 5

What is the purpose of a promoter in a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

To initiate transcription of the cloned gene

Answer

To terminate transcription of the cloned gene

Answer

To enhance the translation of the cloned gene

Answer

To provide a binding site for restriction enzymes

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Polymerase

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of a selectable marker in gene cloning?

Accepted Answer

To confer antibiotic resistance to transformed cells

Answer

To visualize transformed cells using a fluorescent tag

Answer

To enhance the expression of the cloned gene

Answer

To regulate the production of the cloned protein

Question 8

Which technique involves the insertion of foreign DNA into host cells?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Hybridization

Answer

PCR

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 9

Which method is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 10

What is the main function of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Joining fragments of DNA together

Answer

Amplifying DNA sequences using PCR

Answer

Sequencing DNA strands to determine their nucleotide sequence

Answer

Synthesizing new DNA molecules from scratch

Question 11

Which application of recombinant DNA technology involves the production of proteins for therapeutic purposes?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy for treating genetic disorders

Answer

Bioremediation of polluted environments

Answer

Forensic analysis for identifying individuals

Answer

DNA fingerprinting for establishing paternity

Question 12

Which enzyme is specifically used to cleave DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 13

In a cloning vector, what is the primary function of a selectable marker?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating identification of transformed cells

Answer

Providing a promoter for gene expression

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Amplifying the cloned gene

Question 14

In the context of PCR, which type of DNA polymerase is utilized?

Accepted Answer

Taq polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

DNA polymerase II

Answer

DNA polymerase III

Question 15

What is the main purpose of a PCR thermocycler?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of DNA fragments

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA digestion

Answer

DNA ligation

Question 16

Which technique is employed to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 17

Which enzyme is specifically used to cut DNA at predefined nucleotide sequences called restriction sites?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 18

In gene cloning, what is the primary function of a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a vector that carries the foreign DNA into the host cell

Answer

To directly produce the desired protein

Answer

To regulate the expression of the foreign gene

Question 19

When considering the use of recombinant DNA technology to modify human embryos, which ethical concern is of primary importance?

Accepted Answer

The potential for unintended and unpredictable consequences on future generations

Answer

The possibility of enhancing human abilities and creating designer babies

Answer

The religious and cultural implications of altering the human genome

Answer

The potential reduction of genetic diseases and improvement of human health

Question 20

Which technology has revolutionized DNA analysis by enabling rapid and accurate sequencing of large DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Restriction mapping

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 21

In gene cloning experiments, what is the primary purpose of using a reporter gene?

Accepted Answer

To provide a visible or measurable indication of gene expression and facilitate the selection of transformed cells

Answer

To amplify the foreign DNA and increase gene copy number

Answer

To produce the desired protein of interest

Answer

To regulate the expression of the foreign gene

Question 22

Which enzyme is specifically responsible for cutting DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 23

In recombinant DNA technology, what is the primary function of a vector?

Accepted Answer

To deliver foreign DNA into a host cell for replication and expression.

Answer

To translate the foreign DNA into protein.

Answer

To amplify the foreign DNA.

Answer

To cut DNA at specific sequences.

Question 24

Which method is commonly used to introduce recombinant DNA into a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Immunoprecipitation

Answer

Transduction

Question 25

Which technique enables the amplification of specific DNA sequences in vitro?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Restriction digestion

Question 26

What is the process called when a foreign DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid using DNA ligase?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Amplification

Answer

Digestion

Question 27

Which technique separates DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis of DNA samples?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

PCR

Question 28

Which ethical concern arises from the widespread use of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

The potential for misuse of genetically modified organisms, including unforeseen consequences for the environment and human health.

Answer

The time required to complete experiments involving recombinant DNA technology.

Answer

The cost of equipment and reagents used in recombinant DNA technology.

Answer

The lack of skilled personnel in the field of recombinant DNA technology.