Introduction to Cell Metabolism: A Comprehensive Overview for Biotechnology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary energy currency within cells, used for energy transfer and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

NADH

Answer

Pyruvate

Question 2

What is the initial process by which cells break down glucose to extract energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

Which enzyme is a key regulatory point in glycolysis, controlling the rate of glucose breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase-1

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Pyruvate kinase

Answer

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 4

What type of metabolic pathway is the citric acid cycle, considering its role in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic)

Answer

Catabolic (breaking down molecules)

Answer

Anabolic (synthesizing molecules)

Answer

Linear (unidirectional)

Question 5

Within the cell, where does oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial energy-generating process, take place?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer

Nucleus

Question 6

In the electron transport chain, which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor, completing the chain and enabling energy production?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

NADH

Question 7

From the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule, approximately how many ATP molecules are generated, representing the overall energy yield?

Accepted Answer

36-38

Answer

2

Answer

68

Answer

100

Question 8

Which metabolic pathway allows cells to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, ensuring a continuous supply of energy?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 9

What is the primary function of anabolic metabolism in cells, contributing to their growth and maintenance?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing molecules for cell growth and function

Answer

Breaking down molecules to release energy

Answer

Regulating cellular processes

Answer

Transporting materials across the cell membrane

Question 10

How does feedback inhibition contribute to the regulation of metabolic pathways within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It prevents excessive accumulation of end products.

Answer

It stimulates the activation of enzymes in the same pathway.

Answer

It enhances the rate of metabolic reactions.

Answer

It triggers the synthesis of new enzymes.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a major type of metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic

Answer

Catabolic

Answer

Anabolic

Answer

Energetic

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Break down glucose to produce ATP

Answer

Generate carbon dioxide for respiration

Answer

Convert pyruvate to lactate

Answer

Synthesize fatty acids

Question 13

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 14

Which molecule is a crucial intermediate in the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Question 15

What is the main function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Transport high-energy electrons

Answer

Produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Provide energy for glycolysis

Answer

Transport glucose into the cell

Question 16

Which of the following is not a product of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Answer

NADPH

Question 17

What is the primary significance of the pentose phosphate pathway in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate

Answer

Provides intermediates for glycolysis

Answer

Generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Synthesizes amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following is a common metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Phenylketonuria

Answer

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 19

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs in the cytoplasm and generates lactic acid as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 20

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration, the process that generates most of the cell's energy?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Question 21

What type of molecule serves as the primary energy source for most cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 22

Which of the following metabolic pathways breaks down glucose to produce ATP, the cell's energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 23

What is the primary function of anabolic reactions in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

Answer

Break down molecules to release energy

Answer

Transport molecules across the cell membrane

Answer

Control gene expression

Question 24

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of stored glucose in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 25

What is the primary role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron donors

Answer

Electron acceptors

Answer

ATP carriers

Answer

Enzyme cofactors

Question 26

What is the significance of compartmentalization within a eukaryotic cell, such as having separate organelles?

Accepted Answer

Allows for efficient and coordinated metabolic reactions

Answer

Protects sensitive molecules from damage

Answer

Increases the surface area-to-volume ratio

Answer

Facilitates cell-cell communication