Nucleus: Structure and Function in Cell Biology for Biotechnology

Question 1

What is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Nuclear matrix

Answer

Nuclear lamina

Answer

Chromatin

Question 2

Which type of chromatin is densely packed and generally transcriptionally inactive?

Accepted Answer

Heterochromatin

Answer

Euchromatin

Answer

Histone

Answer

Nucleosome

Question 3

What is the primary role of nuclear pores in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer

Control gene expression

Answer

Condense DNA into chromosomes

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 4

Which protein is involved in the condensation of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Histone

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 5

Which of the following is a major component of the nuclear matrix?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

DNA

Answer

Lipids

Answer

RNA

Question 6

What is the process by which chromatin becomes less condensed, allowing for gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Condensation

Question 7

What is the primary function of centromeres in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the attachment of spindle fibers during cell division

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Answer

Provide structural support

Answer

Synthesize RNA

Question 8

Which of the following is **not** a component of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nuclear lamina

Answer

Outer nuclear membrane

Answer

Inner nuclear membrane

Question 9

The nucleolus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome assembly

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

RNA processing

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

The process of transcription occurs in which subnuclear organelle?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which enzyme is involved in unwinding the DNA double helix during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Exonuclease

Answer

Ligase

Question 12

The nuclear lamina provides:

Accepted Answer

Structural support to the nucleus

Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Answer

Binding sites for transcription factors

Answer

Attachment points for chromosomes

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptional activity

Answer

Gene density

Answer

Chromosome location

Answer

Protein-binding capacity

Question 14

Which technique allows for the visualization of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Karyotyping

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Immunofluorescence

Answer

Electron microscopy

Question 15

The nuclear envelope is perforated by:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear pores

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Which of the following processes does NOT take place within the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating DNA replication

Answer

Regulating molecular exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer

Providing structural support to the nucleus

Answer

Housing nuclear pores

Question 17

How does the nuclear matrix contribute to the organization and compartmentalization of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Provides a scaffold for nuclear structure and positions nuclear components.

Answer

Regulates gene expression and controls molecular movement in the nucleus.

Answer

Prevents foreign substance entry and protects the nucleus from damage.

Answer

Provides energy for nuclear processes and facilitates DNA replication.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lipid bilayer

Answer

Nuclear lamina

Answer

Nuclear pores

Question 19

The nucleolus is primarily involved in which of the following cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome biogenesis

Answer

RNA editing

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is a highly condensed form of chromatin present during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase chromosomes

Answer

Heterochromatin

Answer

Interphase chromatin

Answer

Euchromatin

Question 21

The process of copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 22

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Chromatin

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a component of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Answer

Non-histone proteins

Answer

DNA

Answer

Histones

Question 24

Where does transcription occur within the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin

Answer

Nuclear pores

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Answer

Genetic material storage

Answer

Protein synthesis control

Answer

Cell division

Question 26

What is the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

A protein network that provides structural support to the nuclear envelope

Answer

A dense region of chromatin containing ribosomal RNA genes

Answer

A membrane surrounding the nucleolus

Question 27

What is the main function of nuclear pores?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis

Answer

They anchor the nucleus to the cytoskeleton

Question 28

What is the role of the nucleus in cell differentiation?

Accepted Answer

It controls the expression of genes that determine cell type

Answer

It synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division

Answer

It provides energy for cell movement

Question 29

Which disease is characterized by the abnormal growth and division of cells in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease