Introduction to Cell Signaling: A Comprehensive Guide for Biotechnology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell signaling molecule?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Ligands

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Where are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) typically located?

Accepted Answer

Cell surface

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

Which of the following is a second messenger commonly used in cell signaling pathways?

Accepted Answer

cAMP

Answer

ATP

Answer

Sodium ion

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 4

What is the primary function of a protein kinase in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To phosphorylate target proteins

Answer

To cleave proteins

Answer

To bind to DNA

Answer

To transport ions

Question 5

What is the role of a G protein in GPCR signaling?

Accepted Answer

To amplify the signal

Answer

To activate phospholipase C

Answer

To inhibit adenylyl cyclase

Answer

To bind to the ligand

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of autocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

The signaling molecule acts on the cell that produced it.

Answer

The signaling molecule acts on neighboring cells.

Answer

The signaling molecule travels through the bloodstream.

Answer

The signaling molecule is secreted and then taken back up by the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

Protein kinase A

Answer

Janus kinase (JAK)

Answer

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)

Answer

Interferon

Question 8

What is the primary function of a calcium ion as a second messenger in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To activate calmodulin

Answer

To inhibit protein kinases

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To transport ions across membranes

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a step in the canonical MAPK signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

Activation of PI3K

Answer

Activation of Ras

Answer

Phosphorylation of MEK

Answer

Phosphorylation of ERK

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a G protein-coupled receptor?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine receptor

Answer

Insulin receptor

Answer

EGF receptor

Answer

PDGF receptor

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Question 13

What is the primary role of receptors in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To bind to ligands and initiate signal transduction

Answer

To synthesize new proteins

Answer

To degrade waste products

Answer

To transport molecules across the cell membrane

Question 14

Which of the following is a common type of receptor tyrosine kinase?

Accepted Answer

EGFR

Answer

GPCR

Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Question 15

What is the second messenger involved in the cAMP signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

cAMP

Answer

IP3

Answer

DAG

Answer

Ca2+

Question 16

What is the role of G proteins in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To bind to receptors and activate downstream effectors

Answer

To hydrolyze GTP and release energy

Answer

To synthesize new proteins

Answer

To transport molecules across the cell membrane

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of autocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

The signal is produced and received by the same cell

Answer

The signal is transmitted over long distances

Answer

The signal involves multiple cells

Answer

The signal requires a receptor on the cell surface

Question 18

Which of the following accurately describes cell signaling in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes generally have simpler signaling pathways than eukaryotes.

Answer

Eukaryotes do not use second messengers, while prokaryotes do.

Answer

Eukaryotes have more ligands than prokaryotes.

Answer

Prokaryotes use more receptors than eukaryotes.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Endocrine signaling

Answer

Paracrine signaling

Answer

Autocrine signaling

Question 20

What is the primary role of a cell surface receptor in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To bind to specific signaling molecules and initiate intracellular responses.

Answer

To store genetic information.

Answer

To transport substances across the cell membrane.

Answer

To generate a signal transduction pathway.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a G-protein coupled receptor?

Accepted Answer

Adrenergic receptor

Answer

Insulin receptor

Answer

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 22

What is the function of second messengers in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To amplify and relay signals from receptors to intracellular targets.

Answer

To bind to DNA and regulate gene expression.

Answer

To form ion channels in the cell membrane.

Question 23

What is the significance of phosphorylation in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It can modify protein activity and localization, affecting cellular processes.

Answer

It only occurs on tyrosine residues.

Answer

It always leads to activation of the protein.

Answer

It is irreversible.

Question 24

What is the primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support, transmit signals, and regulate cellular behavior.

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To generate hormones

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Question 25

What is a key reason for studying cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

It provides insights into cellular communication, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Answer

It is essential for understanding animal behavior

Answer

It is required for medical diagnosis