Case Studies in Data Ethics and Privacy: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a core ethical concept in data handling?

Accepted Answer

Profitability

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Accountability

Answer

Data minimization

Question 2

In the Cambridge Analytica case, data was improperly acquired from which platform?

Accepted Answer

Facebook

Answer

Twitter

Answer

Instagram

Answer

Snapchat

Question 3

What is the overarching purpose of data ethics guidelines?

Accepted Answer

To guide ethical decision-making and behavior in data handling

Answer

To ensure compliance with legal regulations

Answer

To prevent data breaches and cybersecurity threats

Answer

To maximize profits from data collection

Question 4

What is the primary objective of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

Accepted Answer

To protect the data privacy rights of individuals within the European Union

Answer

To regulate the use of personal data for marketing purposes

Answer

To prevent data breaches and cyberattacks

Answer

To stimulate innovation in the data science industry

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when evaluating the ethical use of data in artificial intelligence (AI)?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness of AI applications

Answer

Potential for bias and discrimination

Answer

Transparency and explainability of AI algorithms

Answer

Ownership and control of data

Question 6

In the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal, which ethical concern was central to the case?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent and misuse of acquired data

Answer

Data ownership and sharing

Answer

Data anonymization and security

Question 7

In the Equifax data breach incident, what was the underlying cause of the vulnerability?

Accepted Answer

Unpatched software

Answer

Insider attack

Answer

Weak encryption

Question 8

In the context of clinical research, which best practice ensures data privacy?

Accepted Answer

De-identification of data and obtaining patient consent

Answer

Data anonymization and secure data storage

Answer

Data encryption and sharing

Question 9

In the Clearview AI case, which ethical issue was raised by the use of facial recognition technology?

Accepted Answer

Surveillance and privacy infringement

Answer

Informed consent and data sharing

Answer

Data accuracy and security

Question 10

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) emphasizes which key principle?

Accepted Answer

Rights of data subjects and responsibilities of data controllers

Answer

Data minimization and limitation of data usage

Answer

Access and portability of personal data

Question 11

In the Twitter-Cambridge Analytica case, how was user data obtained without their explicit consent?

Accepted Answer

Authorization through third-party applications

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Data breach

Question 12

In the context of predictive policing algorithms, what ethical concern takes precedence?

Accepted Answer

Bias and discrimination

Answer

Data accuracy and privacy

Answer

Surveillance and profiling

Question 13

In evaluating the ethical implications of data collection, which factor should be a primary consideration?

Accepted Answer

Potential harm to individuals

Answer

Popularity of the data source

Answer

Convenience of data access

Answer

Cost-effectiveness of data storage

Question 14

In the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal, which ethical principle was primarily violated?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Privacy

Answer

Data security

Question 15

Which of the following is a recommended best practice for protecting data privacy during data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Anonymisation or pseudonymization of data

Answer

Sharing data with third parties without consent

Answer

Collecting as much data as possible

Answer

Storing data in plain text format

Question 16

What is the fundamental purpose of establishing data ethics guidelines?

Accepted Answer

To provide a framework for ethical decision-making in data handling

Answer

To promote data ownership by individuals

Answer

To enhance data security measures

Question 17

When using AI for data analysis, which of the following represents a potential ethical concern?

Accepted Answer

Algorithmic bias

Answer

Reduced human error

Answer

Improved accuracy

Answer

Increased efficiency

Question 18

In the Target baby formula case, what was the primary data source used to target pregnant women?

Accepted Answer

Loyalty card data

Answer

Social media data

Answer

Email data

Answer

Credit card data

Question 19

How does data ethics differ primarily from data privacy?

Accepted Answer

Data ethics encompasses broader ethical considerations, while data privacy focuses on protecting individuals' data rights

Answer

Data ethics is more concerned with organizational practices, while data privacy focuses on individuals

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of a data breach?

Accepted Answer

Financial loss

Answer

Enhanced brand reputation

Answer

Increased customer loyalty

Answer

Improved data management practices

Question 21

What is the primary responsibility of data scientists in promoting data ethics?

Accepted Answer

To incorporate ethical considerations into data analysis and decision-making

Answer

To gather and analyze data without regard for ethical implications

Answer

To develop new technologies without considering their ethical impacts

Question 22

Which of the following is **NOT** a key ethical consideration in data handling?

Accepted Answer

Data maximization

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Data security

Answer

User consent

Question 23

In the Cambridge Analytica scandal, what was the primary ethical violation?

Accepted Answer

Unconsented data collection

Answer

Inaccurate data processing

Answer

Biased data analysis

Answer

Sharing data without user permission

Question 24

Which data privacy law requires organizations to obtain explicit consent before collecting and processing personal data?

Accepted Answer

GDPR

Answer

CCPA

Answer

FERPA

Answer

HIPAA

Question 25

What is the concept of 'informed consent' in data ethics?

Accepted Answer

Users must be fully informed about how their data will be used before giving consent.

Answer

Consent can be implied from actions.

Answer

Consent cannot be withdrawn once given.

Question 26

What is the purpose of data minimization?

Accepted Answer

Limit the amount of data collected and processed to what is necessary for specific purposes.

Answer

Reduce data storage costs

Answer

Improve data accuracy

Question 27

Which of the following is a common challenge in data ethics?

Accepted Answer

Balancing individual privacy with societal benefits

Answer

Accessing data from multiple sources

Answer

Storing data securely

Question 28

What is the role of data governance in data ethics?

Accepted Answer

Establishing policies and procedures for ethical data handling

Answer

Analyzing and interpreting data

Answer

Collecting and storing data

Question 29

What is the potential impact of algorithmic bias on decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Unfair or discriminatory outcomes

Answer

Improved accuracy

Answer

Increased transparency

Question 30

Which organization experienced a data breach due to weak password encryption practices?

Accepted Answer

Yahoo

Answer

Facebook

Answer

Microsoft

Answer

Google

Question 31

In the Cambridge Analytica scandal, what was the primary ethical violation committed?

Accepted Answer

Misusing user data for political advertising without explicit consent

Answer

Storing user data insecurely

Answer

Using user data for research purposes without their permission

Answer

Selling user data to third-party companies without user knowledge

Question 32

Which ethical principle emphasizes the fair and equitable distribution of benefits from data use?

Accepted Answer

Equity

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Accountability

Answer

Transparency

Question 33

In the IBM Watson Health data breach, what type of sensitive data was compromised?

Accepted Answer

Patient medical records

Answer

Personal identification information

Answer

Employee records

Answer

Financial data

Question 34

Which data privacy law grants individuals the "right to be forgotten"?

Accepted Answer

EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

Answer

US Privacy Act of 1974

Question 35

When developing data ethics policies for an organization, a key consideration is:

Accepted Answer

Balancing privacy concerns with legitimate business objectives

Answer

Hiring a data ethics expert

Answer

Following industry standards without question

Question 36

In the Target retail chain case study, what ethical dilemma did the company face?

Accepted Answer

Using personalized coupons to predict and target pregnant women

Answer

Storing sensitive customer information insecurely

Answer

Collecting customer data without explicit consent

Answer

Discriminating against certain customer groups based on their data

Question 37

What was the primary lesson learned from the Google Flu Trends case study?

Accepted Answer

Limitations of relying solely on data for forecasting and the importance of data validation

Answer

Importance of using diverse data sources for accurate predictions

Answer

Ethical implications of sharing data without proper consent

Question 38

Which of the following is a benefit of using synthetic data to address ethical concerns?

Accepted Answer

Preserving data privacy while enabling data analysis and modeling

Answer

Improving model performance and accuracy

Answer

Reducing computational costs and resource requirements

Question 39

What is the role of data anonymization in protecting data privacy?

Accepted Answer

Removing or modifying personally identifiable information to prevent re-identification

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from individuals before collecting and using their data

Answer

Encrypting data to protect it from unauthorized access

Answer

Limiting access to data to authorized individuals and implementing data access controls

Question 40

Which ethical principle emphasizes the rights of individuals to access, control, and correct their personal data?

Accepted Answer

Data Subject Rights

Answer

Transparency and Accountability

Answer

Fairness and Equity

Answer

Beneficence

Question 41

The Cambridge Analytica scandal highlighted concerns about the misuse of data in political campaigns. Which action was a primary concern?

Accepted Answer

Unauthorized acquisition and manipulation of Facebook user data

Answer

Violation of campaign finance laws

Answer

Breach of data security

Answer

Algorithmic bias in political advertising

Question 42

In the Equifax data breach, what type of information was compromised and exposed?

Accepted Answer

Personally identifiable information (PII)

Answer

Social media activity

Answer

Health records

Answer

Financial data

Question 43

A key lesson from the Volkswagen emissions scandal is the significance of:

Accepted Answer

Transparency and accountability in data reporting

Answer

Increasing reliance on self-regulation

Answer

Implementing more stringent data protection laws

Question 44

Which ethical practice prioritizes obtaining individuals' explicit permission before collecting and using their data?

Accepted Answer

Consent

Answer

Pseudonymization

Answer

Data encryption

Answer

Anonymization

Question 45

A potential consequence of extensive data surveillance on individuals' autonomy is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced control over personal information and activities

Answer

Improved accuracy of targeted marketing

Answer

Enhanced efficiency in government operations

Question 46

Which data protection technique mitigates the risk of re-identification of individuals while preserving data utility?

Accepted Answer

Pseudonymization

Answer

Tokenization

Answer

Encryption

Answer

Anonymization

Question 47

Which international regulation establishes a comprehensive framework for data protection and privacy, applicable to organizations operating within the European Union?

Accepted Answer

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)

Question 48

Define a data privacy breach.

Accepted Answer

Unauthorized access, use, disclosure, alteration, or destruction of personal data

Answer

Violation of data security policies

Answer

Accidental data loss

Question 49

In the Cambridge Analytica case, what type of data was improperly obtained and used?

Accepted Answer

Personal data from social media

Answer

Bank account statements

Answer

Medical records from hospitals

Answer

Financial data from credit bureaus

Question 50

Which ethical principle was primarily violated in the Google DeepMind Health AI case?

Accepted Answer

Transparency and accountability

Answer

Fairness and non-discrimination

Answer

Privacy

Answer

Beneficence

Question 51

In the Target pregnancy prediction case, how did the company use data science to infer sensitive information about customers?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing browsing history and purchase patterns

Answer

Tracking GPS location

Answer

Using social media data

Answer

Accessing personal health records

Question 52

Which of the following was a key concern raised by privacy advocates in the Microsoft AI chatbot Tay case?

Accepted Answer

Potential for bias and spread of harmful content

Answer

Lack of parental controls

Answer

Excessive data collection

Answer

Violation of copyright laws

Question 53

In the Amazon Rekognition case, what type of technology was being used and what were the ethical concerns surrounding it?

Accepted Answer

Facial recognition and lack of bias testing

Answer

Predictive analytics and privacy violations

Answer

Natural language processing and data breaches

Answer

Machine learning and discrimination

Question 54

Which of the following best describes the "notice and consent" principle in data privacy?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must be informed about data collection and have the ability to consent before it is processed

Answer

Data can be collected and processed without the knowledge or consent of individuals

Question 55

In the Volkswagen emissions scandal, what type of data was manipulated and how did it impact privacy?

Accepted Answer

Vehicle emissions data, potentially misleading consumers about environmental impact

Answer

Financial data related to vehicle purchases, leading to economic loss

Answer

Personal information of car owners, exposing them to identity theft

Question 56

Which of the following is a key consideration for organizations in developing data ethics policies?

Accepted Answer

Balancing innovation and ethical principles

Answer

Ignoring ethical concerns in favor of customer satisfaction

Answer

Maximizing profits at all costs

Question 57

In the Uber data breach case, what type of data was compromised and what were the potential consequences?

Accepted Answer

Personal information of drivers and riders, including names, addresses, and phone numbers

Answer

Medical records of passengers, exposing them to health risks

Answer

Financial data of customers, leading to financial fraud

Question 58

Which of the following is a best practice for ensuring transparency in data collection and processing?

Accepted Answer

Providing clear and accessible privacy policies

Answer

Hiding data collection practices from users

Answer

Using complex and confusing language in privacy notices

Answer

Collecting data without explicitly informing individuals