Health Services Research: Evaluating Healthcare Delivery and Improving Outcomes

Question 1

When comparing the means of two independent groups, which statistical test is typically used?

Accepted Answer

Student's t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 2

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of health services research?

Accepted Answer

Collaboration between researchers and healthcare professionals

Answer

Emphasis on qualitative data collection

Answer

Generation of non-generalizable findings

Answer

Exclusion of patient perspectives

Question 3

When evaluating the effectiveness of a new intervention, which research design would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Cohort study

Answer

Case-control study

Question 4

What is the primary objective of data analysis in health services research?

Accepted Answer

To identify patterns and relationships in data

Answer

To prove preconceived notions

Answer

To eliminate outliers as needed

Answer

To only summarize and visualize data

Question 5

Which limitation is most commonly associated with qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in generalizing findings

Answer

Susceptibility to researcher bias

Answer

High cost to conduct

Answer

Limited sample size

Question 6

What is the purpose of the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)?

Accepted Answer

To provide standardized performance measures for healthcare organizations

Answer

To conduct a national survey on healthcare utilization

Answer

To maintain a database of clinical trials

Answer

To regulate healthcare research activities

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of causal research?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables

Answer

Generating hypotheses for further investigation

Answer

Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions

Answer

Describing the characteristics of a population

Question 8

The process of selecting a representative subset of individuals from a larger population for research purposes is known as:

Accepted Answer

Sampling

Answer

Research design

Answer

Data analysis

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of conducting a literature review in health services research?

Accepted Answer

To summarize and critically evaluate existing research findings

Answer

To generate new hypotheses

Answer

To collect primary data

Answer

To design research instruments

Question 10

Which statistical test is commonly used to compare the means between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 11

What is the primary objective of comparative effectiveness research?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate the effectiveness of various healthcare interventions

Answer

To identify the most economical treatment options

Answer

To develop innovative medical technologies

Answer

To reduce disparities in healthcare access and utilization

Question 12

Which research design allows for the establishment of a causal relationship between an intervention and an outcome?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

Retrospective cohort study

Answer

Qualitative study

Answer

Observational study

Question 13

Which statistical technique is most appropriate for analyzing data comparing the means of two or more groups with different baseline characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Logistic regression

Answer

t-test

Question 14

What is the primary purpose of conducting systematic reviews in health services research?

Accepted Answer

To summarize and evaluate the existing evidence on a specific topic

Answer

To provide clinical recommendations

Answer

To identify new research questions

Question 15

How does health services research contribute to the advancement of evidence-based healthcare?

Accepted Answer

By translating research findings into practical actions for healthcare providers

Answer

By creating new healthcare technologies and treatments

Answer

By teaching healthcare professionals about best practices

Answer

By funding clinical trials for new drugs and devices

Question 16

According to the Donabedian model, which of the following is NOT a dimension of healthcare quality?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Answer

Structure

Answer

Outcome

Answer

Process

Question 17

What is the main ethical principle that guides the conduct of research involving human subjects in health services research?

Accepted Answer

Respect for autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Distributive justice

Question 18

Which of the following is a strength of randomized controlled trials?

Accepted Answer

High internal validity

Answer

Small sample size

Answer

Low external validity

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Question 19

Which statistical method is commonly used to analyze data from studies comparing multiple groups on a categorical outcome variable?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 20

What is the key difference between a qualitative and quantitative research approach?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research focuses on understanding experiences and perceptions, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data.

Answer

Qualitative research is more rigorous than quantitative research.

Answer

Quantitative research is more time-consuming than qualitative research.

Question 21

What is a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to produce an overall estimate of the effect of an intervention.

Answer

A type of qualitative research design.

Answer

A systematic review of the literature.

Question 22

What is the purpose of a literature review in health services research?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize and evaluate existing research on a specific topic

Answer

To design and conduct original research studies

Answer

To provide personalized recommendations for healthcare interventions

Question 23

What is the difference between internal validity and external validity in health services research studies?

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent to which the study design and methods minimize bias, while external validity refers to the extent to which the study results can be generalized to other settings and populations

Answer

Internal validity refers to the accuracy of the data, while external validity refers to the precision of the data