Threats to Information Security: Types, Prevention, and Mitigation

Question 1

Which of the following natural disasters can threaten information security?

Accepted Answer

Floods

Accepted Answer

Earthquakes

Accepted Answer

Tornadoes

Answer

Cyber attacks

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a category of threat to information security?

Accepted Answer

Technical failures

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Human errors

Answer

Malicious attacks

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a threat to information security?

Accepted Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Human errors

Answer

Malicious attacks

Question 4

Which malicious attack involves unauthorized remote access to a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Hacking

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

Denial-of-service attack

Question 5

Which cloud security service model offers access to virtual machines?

Accepted Answer

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Answer

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Answer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Answer

Database as a Service (DaaS)

Question 6

Which type of malicious attack involves impersonating a trusted entity to gain access to sensitive information?

Accepted Answer

Spoofing

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Malware

Answer

Denial-of-service

Question 7

To prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data, which of the following information security measures is essential?

Accepted Answer

Multi-factor authentication

Answer

Regular software updates

Answer

Employee security awareness training

Answer

Physical security measures

Question 8

Which of the following is a cost-effective and flexible option for backing up critical data?

Accepted Answer

Cloud storage

Answer

Tape drives

Answer

External hard drives

Answer

RAID arrays

Question 9

In the context of information security, what is the term for the unauthorized copying, modification, or disclosure of data?

Accepted Answer

Data breach

Answer

Phishing attack

Answer

Malware attack

Answer

Social engineering

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a common category of threats to information security?

Accepted Answer

Network failures

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Human errors

Answer

Malicious attacks

Question 11

Identify the most appropriate security control to mitigate the risk of malware infections.

Accepted Answer

Anti-malware software

Answer

Firewall

Answer

Intrusion detection system

Answer

Data encryption

Question 12

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

Tricking users into providing sensitive information

Answer

Exploiting software vulnerabilities

Answer

Denying access to authorized users

Answer

Corrupting data

Question 13

Identify the primary purpose of an information security policy.

Accepted Answer

To establish guidelines for protecting information assets

Answer

To comply with legal and regulatory requirements

Answer

To provide technical guidance on security measures

Answer

To raise awareness about security risks

Question 14

Which of the following is a common strategy for mitigating the risk of human errors in information security?

Accepted Answer

Regular security awareness training

Answer

Implementing strong technical controls

Answer

Enforcing strict disciplinary measures

Answer

Outsourcing all sensitive tasks

Question 15

Identify the best practice for ensuring the confidentiality of sensitive information.

Accepted Answer

Encryption

Answer

Authentication

Answer

Authorization

Answer

Access control

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a natural disaster that can pose a threat to information security?

Accepted Answer

Power outages

Answer

Hurricanes

Answer

Earthquakes

Answer

Floods

Question 17

Which type of malware is known for encrypting files and demanding a ransom payment?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Spyware

Answer

Adware

Answer

Trojan horses

Question 18

Which type of threat to information security poses the highest risk of reputational damage?

Accepted Answer

Data breaches

Answer

Denial-of-service attacks

Answer

Malware infections

Answer

Phishing attacks

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a natural disaster that can threaten information security?

Accepted Answer

Hardware failure

Answer

Earthquakes

Answer

Floods

Answer

Wildfires

Question 20

Which type of malware is designed to encrypt files and demand a ransom payment to decrypt them?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Adware

Question 21

What is the primary goal of a DDoS attack?

Accepted Answer

To overwhelm a network with traffic and make it inaccessible

Answer

To steal sensitive data

Answer

To encrypt files and demand ransom

Answer

To spread malicious software

Question 22

What is the purpose of encryption in information security?

Accepted Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to data

Answer

To detect malicious activity

Answer

To recover lost or damaged data

Answer

To improve network performance

Question 23

What is the primary responsibility of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)?

Accepted Answer

Overseeing the organization's information security program

Answer

Installing and maintaining security software

Answer

Educating employees about information security best practices

Answer

Investigating security incidents

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT considered a natural disaster that can pose a threat to information security?

Accepted Answer

Cyberattack

Answer

Fire

Answer

Earthquake

Answer

Flood

Question 25

Malicious attacks that specifically target information systems and networks can take the form of:

Accepted Answer

Malware

Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Human errors

Answer

Hardware failures

Question 26

The CIA triad in information security encompasses the fundamental principles of:

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

Answer

Confidentiality, Protection, Availability

Answer

Confidentiality, Authenticity, Integrity

Answer

Confidentiality, Authorization, Accountability

Question 27

Regular software updates are considered an effective strategy for:

Accepted Answer

Preventing information security breaches

Answer

Detecting malware infections

Answer

Recovering lost data

Answer

Managing cloud security risks

Question 28

Phishing attacks typically involve the use of:

Accepted Answer

Fraudulent emails to deceive users into revealing sensitive information

Answer

Malware attached to legitimate emails

Answer

Direct physical access to computer systems

Question 29

Which of the following can be considered a specific threat to cloud computing environments?

Accepted Answer

Data leaks

Answer

Hardware failures

Answer

Software bugs

Answer

Power outages

Question 30

The process of systematically identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks to information security is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Risk assessment

Answer

Vulnerability scanning

Answer

Security monitoring

Answer

Incident response

Question 31

A key responsibility of an information security officer (ISO) includes:

Accepted Answer

Developing and implementing security policies and procedures

Answer

Providing technical support to end-users

Answer

Installing and maintaining software

Question 32

The primary goal of a business continuity plan (BCP) is to ensure:

Accepted Answer

Continuous operation of critical business processes during disruptions

Answer

Identification of all potential threats to information security

Answer

Complete recovery of all lost data

Question 33

Which of the following is a common type of malicious attack that involves unauthorized access to a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Malware

Answer

Spam

Answer

Social engineering

Answer

Denial-of-service attack

Question 34

What is the primary goal of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

To obtain sensitive information

Answer

To damage a computer system

Answer

To disrupt network services

Answer

To spread malware

Question 35

Which of the following is a best practice for preventing social engineering attacks?

Accepted Answer

Remain vigilant and skeptical of suspicious emails and messages

Answer

Click on all links in emails

Answer

Share sensitive information with strangers

Answer

Ignore warnings from security software

Question 36

What is the purpose of a firewall in an information security system?

Accepted Answer

To filter and block unauthorized network traffic

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To encrypt data in transit

Answer

To provide secure remote access

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a common technique for mitigating the risk of natural disasters on information security?

Accepted Answer

Using physical access controls

Answer

Data backups

Answer

Cybersecurity insurance

Answer

Disaster recovery plans

Question 38

What is the importance of conducting regular security audits?

Accepted Answer

To identify and address vulnerabilities before they are exploited

Answer

To avoid financial penalties

Answer

To demonstrate due diligence to stakeholders

Answer

To comply with industry regulations

Question 39

Which of the following is a key component of an effective information security policy?

Accepted Answer

Clear guidelines on acceptable use of resources

Answer

List of authorized users

Answer

Technical specifications for hardware and software

Answer

Network diagrams and configurations

Question 40

What is the primary objective of information security risk management?

Accepted Answer

To identify, assess, and prioritize threats and vulnerabilities

Answer

To eliminate all risks

Answer

To comply with regulations

Answer

To predict future security incidents

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT considered a natural disaster that can directly threaten information security?

Accepted Answer

Power surge

Answer

Flood

Answer

Earthquake

Answer

Hurricane

Question 42

Which of the following is a common human error that can directly compromise information security?

Accepted Answer

Using weak passwords

Answer

Software malfunction

Answer

Hardware failure

Answer

Power failure

Question 43

Which of the following is a fundamental strategy for preventing information security breaches?

Accepted Answer

Implementing strong access controls

Answer

Using a cloud-based backup service

Answer

Regularly updating software

Answer

Storing data in multiple locations

Question 44

Which of the following techniques is commonly used by hackers to exploit software vulnerabilities?

Accepted Answer

Buffer overflow

Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Denial-of-service

Answer

Phishing

Question 45

What is the key difference between a firewall and an intrusion detection system?

Accepted Answer

A firewall blocks unauthorized access, while an intrusion detection system identifies suspicious activity.

Answer

A firewall is software-based, while an intrusion detection system is hardware-based.

Answer

A firewall is passive, while an intrusion detection system is active.

Question 46

Which of the following is a recommended best practice for creating strong passwords?

Accepted Answer

Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.

Answer

Use common words or phrases.

Answer

Avoid using the same password for multiple accounts.

Answer

Choose passwords that are easy to remember.

Question 47

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands a ransom payment for their decryption?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Trojan

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a natural disaster that can threaten information security?

Accepted Answer

Power outage

Answer

Earthquake

Answer

Hurricane

Answer

Flood

Question 49

How can human error lead to information security breaches?

Accepted Answer

Accidental data deletion

Answer

Phishing scams

Answer

DDoS attacks

Answer

Malware attacks

Question 50

Which type of attack involves exploiting software vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access?

Accepted Answer

Malware

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Insider threat

Answer

Social engineering

Question 51

What is the primary objective of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

To steal sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card details, or personal data.

Answer

To disrupt business operations through data corruption or service outages.

Answer

To prevent access to critical resources and services.

Answer

To disable computer systems and networks.

Question 52

How do Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks compromise information security?

Accepted Answer

By overwhelming a target system with a massive influx of traffic, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users.

Answer

By exploiting vulnerabilities in software applications to gain access and control.

Answer

By tricking users into revealing confidential information through deceptive emails or websites.

Answer

By gaining unauthorized remote control over targeted systems.

Question 53

Which of the following is a crucial strategy for mitigating information security risks stemming from human errors?

Accepted Answer

Providing comprehensive and ongoing security awareness training to all employees.

Answer

Implementing strong firewalls to block unauthorized access to the network.

Answer

Conducting regular security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities.

Answer

Installing intrusion detection systems to monitor network traffic for suspicious activity.

Question 54

Which action is NOT recommended for preventing malware threats?

Accepted Answer

Enabling automatic playback of all media files received from unknown sources.

Answer

Regularly patching software applications to fix vulnerabilities exploited by malware.

Answer

Using up-to-date antivirus software to detect and remove malware.

Answer

Exercising caution when opening attachments or clicking links from untrusted sources.

Question 55

What is a core element of a successful phishing awareness program?

Accepted Answer

Educating users about common phishing tactics, such as spoofed emails and fake websites, to help them identify and avoid phishing attempts.

Answer

Blocking access to known phishing websites using anti-phishing filters.

Answer

Installing anti-phishing software on computers to detect and block phishing attacks.

Question 56

What is a common technique employed by social engineers to manipulate people?

Accepted Answer

Building trust and rapport with individuals to gain their confidence and convince them to disclose sensitive information or perform actions that compromise security.

Answer

Employing brute force attacks to guess passwords or gain access to systems.

Answer

Exploiting technical vulnerabilities in software or systems to gain access or disrupt operations.

Answer

Using sophisticated malware to exploit technical vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access.

Question 57

What is a defining characteristic of insider threats to information security?

Accepted Answer

They involve individuals who have legitimate access to sensitive data or systems but abuse their privileges for malicious purposes.

Answer

They are typically carried out by individuals outside the organization who gain access through hacking or other means.

Answer

They always involve the use of malware or phishing attacks to compromise systems.

Answer

They can only be prevented through the use of strong firewalls and intrusion detection systems.