Specific Endocrine Glands: Structure, Function, and Hormones

Question 1

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development and maintenance of male characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

LH

Answer

FSH

Question 2

The primary function of the parathyroid glands is to regulate:

Accepted Answer

Calcium and phosphate metabolism

Answer

Blood glucose levels

Answer

Sodium and potassium balance

Answer

Fluid balance

Question 3

The adrenal medulla secretes hormones that are responsible for:

Accepted Answer

The body's response to stress

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulating the development of male characteristics

Answer

Controlling body temperature

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Control of body temperature

Answer

Growth hormone secretion

Answer

Regulation of thyroid function

Answer

Stimulation of milk production

Question 5

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 6

Addison's disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Underproduction of adrenal hormones

Answer

Overproduction of adrenal hormones

Answer

Overproduction of thyroid hormones

Answer

Underproduction of thyroid hormones

Question 7

The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body is primarily:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 8

Which hormone directly stimulates **linear growth** and **protein synthesis**?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Question 9

Which type of hormones do the adrenal glands primarily secrete?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones

Answer

Protein hormones

Answer

Glycoprotein hormones

Answer

Peptide hormones

Question 10

Which condition is characterized by **elevated metabolism**, **increased heart rate**, and **weight loss** due to excessive secretion of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 11

Which secretion of the pancreas is NOT involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzymes

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates the **adrenal cortex** to release cortisol, a hormone involved in **stress responses**?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

Which hormone, produced by the **anterior pituitary gland**, is essential for **growth** and **bone development**?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

Which enzyme, produced by the pancreas, is crucial for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Pepsin

Question 15

Which gland, located in the **anterior neck**, is responsible for synthesizing and secreting thyroid hormones that regulate **metabolism**?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Parathyroid glands

Question 16

Which hormone directly stimulates growth and development throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 18

What is the primary role of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal regulation of stress responses

Answer

Insulin production

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Mineralocorticoid production

Question 19

Which hormone directly stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-releasing hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 20

Which hormone is crucial for maintaining proper electrolyte balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 21

Which gland secretes hormones that directly affect bone density?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 22

Which hormone is essential for the proper development and function of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 23

Which pituitary hormone triggers the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

C. Thyrotropin (TSH)

Answer

A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

D. Growth hormone (GH)

Question 24

Which hormone, secreted by the parathyroid glands, enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and aids in calcium release from bone?

Accepted Answer

A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

B. Calcitonin

Answer

C. Erythropoietin

Answer

D. Osteocalcin

Question 25

Which pancreatic region produces and releases insulin?

Accepted Answer

B. Beta cells

Answer

A. Alpha cells

Answer

C. Delta cells

Answer

D. Epsilon cells

Question 26

Which adrenal medulla hormone, released in response to stress, increases heart rate and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A. Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer

B. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

Answer

C. Dopamine

Answer

D. Aldosterone

Question 27

Which pineal gland function is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

C. Triggers ovulation

Answer

A. Regulates sleep-wake cycle

Answer

B. Secretes melatonin

Answer

D. Controls body temperature

Question 28

Which gland produces and secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)?

Accepted Answer

A. Thyroid gland

Answer

B. Parathyroid gland

Answer

C. Adrenal gland

Answer

D. Pancreas

Question 29

Which pituitary hormone suppresses prolactin secretion?

Accepted Answer

B. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

Answer

A. Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

C. Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 30

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating growth and development in the body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Question 31

Which gland is known as the 'master' endocrine gland, regulating the activity of other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 32

Which gland is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 33

When blood sugar levels rise, which hormone is released by the pancreas to lower them?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 34

Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 35

Which of the following is a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and weight loss

Answer

Decreased heart rate and weight gain

Answer

Increased sleep and lethargy

Answer

Decreased body temperature

Question 36

Which gland regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 37

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of milk from mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 38

Which hormone, produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for promoting growth and developmental processes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 39

The parathyroid glands, responsible for regulating calcium metabolism, secrete which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 40

Which pancreatic hormone is not directly involved in regulating glucose metabolism within the body?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 41

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Progesterone

Question 42

Which hormone is responsible for influencing and controlling the body's temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 43

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily affects which organ to regulate calcium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Bones

Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 44

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production within the body?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 45

Which endocrine gland, located in the neck region, produces hormones that influence metabolism and growth?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 46

Which hormone is responsible for increasing heart rate and elevating blood pressure during stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 47

A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 48

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 49

A patient with Cushing's syndrome exhibits symptoms of weight gain, moon face, and hypertension. Which hormone is responsible for these manifestations?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Question 50

Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 51

Which pancreatic hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 52

A patient presents with symptoms of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 53

A patient with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. What is the primary mechanism of action of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Replaces deficient thyroid hormone

Answer

Stimulates thyroid hormone production

Answer

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer

Blocks the effects of thyroid hormone

Question 54

Which hormone, secreted by the adrenal medulla, is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 55

A patient with diabetes mellitus experiences frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. Which hormone is likely deficient in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose levels

Answer

Increased bone growth

Answer

Stimulation of protein synthesis

Answer

Increased muscle mass