Database Design Fundamentals: Master the Art of Data Management

Question 1

Which attribute in a relational database table is most likely to be designated as the primary key?

Accepted Answer

Attribute that uniquely identifies each row

Answer

Attribute shared by all rows

Answer

Attribute used for sorting rows

Question 2

Which component is NOT typically found in a Database Management System (DBMS)?

Accepted Answer

Internet Browser

Answer

Data Modeling Tools

Answer

Query Optimizer

Answer

User Interface

Question 3

What is the primary objective of data modeling?

Accepted Answer

Represent real-world entities and their relationships in a structured format

Answer

Define the physical structure and storage of the database

Answer

Enhance database performance and efficiency

Answer

Control user access and permissions

Question 4

What technique involves breaking down a complex query into smaller, more manageable subqueries?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Optimization

Answer

Normalization

Answer

Indexing

Question 5

Which data type is commonly used to store binary data, such as images, in a database?

Accepted Answer

BLOB

Answer

Integer

Answer

String

Answer

Date

Question 6

What is the purpose of a foreign key constraint in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Enforce data integrity by preventing orphaned records

Answer

Establish relationships between tables

Answer

Enhance query performance

Answer

Control user access to specific data

Question 7

Which data model type is represented graphically using symbols and lines to illustrate entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Answer

Data Dictionary

Answer

Physical Database Schema

Answer

Storage Layout

Question 8

Which database model is best suited for representing data organized in a hierarchical structure, such as a file system?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical Model

Answer

Relational Model

Answer

Object-Oriented Model

Answer

Network Model

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of a database transaction?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) of database operations

Answer

Improve overall database performance

Answer

Control user access and permissions

Answer

Create a backup of the database

Question 10

In data modeling, the Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) is used to:

Accepted Answer

Represent relationships between entities

Answer

Normalize the database

Answer

Create database indexes

Answer

Optimize database queries

Question 11

The primary goal of database normalization is to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate data redundancy and ensure data integrity

Answer

Improve database performance

Answer

Simplify database maintenance

Answer

Enhance data security

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of data integrity constraint?

Accepted Answer

INDEX

Answer

NOT NULL

Answer

PRIMARY KEY

Answer

CHECK

Question 13

The primary purpose of a database management system (DBMS) is to:

Accepted Answer

Manage and control access to data in a database

Answer

Provide a graphical user interface for database users

Answer

Generate reports and perform data analysis

Answer

Ensure data security and backup

Question 14

Which of the following is a significant advantage of database indexing?

Accepted Answer

Improved query performance

Answer

Reduced storage space requirements

Answer

Enhanced data security

Answer

Simplified data maintenance

Question 15

The distinction between a primary key and a foreign key is that:

Accepted Answer

A primary key uniquely identifies a row, while a foreign key references another table.

Answer

A foreign key uniquely identifies a row, while a primary key references another table.

Answer

Both primary keys and foreign keys uniquely identify rows.

Answer

Both primary keys and foreign keys reference other tables.

Question 16

A well-designed database schema should be:

Accepted Answer

Normalized and consistent

Answer

Redundant and complex

Answer

Unflexible and difficult to extend

Answer

Inconsistent and prone to errors

Question 17

In a database system, the purpose of a transaction is to:

Accepted Answer

Guarantee data consistency and integrity

Answer

Enhance database performance

Answer

Provide data backup and recovery

Answer

Manage user access control and security

Question 18

The main objective of a database query optimizer is to:

Accepted Answer

Select the most efficient execution plan for a given query

Answer

Create the physical database schema

Answer

Enforce data integrity constraints

Answer

Manage user accounts and permissions

Question 19

Which data model depicts data as a collection of entities connected by relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship model

Answer

Hierarchical model

Answer

Relational model

Answer

Network model

Question 20

In a database table, what is the role of a primary key?

Accepted Answer

Uniquely identify each row

Answer

Ensure data consistency and accuracy

Answer

Establish relationships between tables

Answer

Enhance query performance

Question 21

What is the purpose of data validation in database design?

Accepted Answer

Ensure data entered meets specified criteria

Answer

Prevent unauthorized data access

Answer

Optimize database performance

Answer

Recover data during system failure

Question 22

Which data model represents data as objects with properties and relationships?

Accepted Answer

Object-oriented model

Answer

Relational model

Answer

Hierarchical model

Answer

Network model

Question 23

Which database architecture stores all data in a single central database?

Accepted Answer

Centralized architecture

Answer

Distributed architecture

Answer

Federated architecture

Answer

Cloud-based architecture

Question 24

What is the function of a primary key in a database table?

Accepted Answer

To uniquely identify each table row

Answer

To enforce referential integrity between tables

Answer

To store the most crucial data in the table

Answer

To index the table for faster data retrieval

Question 25

Which SQL statement creates a new database?

Accepted Answer

CREATE DATABASE

Answer

CREATE TABLE

Answer

INSERT INTO

Answer

SELECT FROM

Question 26

What is the purpose of a database schema?

Accepted Answer

To define the structure and constraints of a database

Answer

To store the actual data in the database

Answer

To provide a graphical representation of the database

Answer

To connect different databases

Question 27

What is the purpose of using indexes in a database?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the performance of data retrieval queries

Answer

To ensure data integrity in the database

Answer

To reduce the size of the database

Answer

To allow remote database access

Question 28

Which data model represents data as objects with properties and relationships?

Accepted Answer

Object-Oriented

Answer

Hierarchical

Answer

Network

Answer

Relational

Question 29

What is the process of decomposing a database schema into smaller, more manageable tables without data duplication?

Accepted Answer

Normalization

Answer

Denormalization

Answer

Clustering

Answer

Aggregation

Question 30

Which database architecture is commonly used for large-scale, distributed databases with resources spread across multiple locations?

Accepted Answer

Cloud-Based

Answer

Client-Server

Answer

Peer-to-Peer

Answer

Multi-Tier

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of a primary key in a relational database context?

Accepted Answer

To uniquely identify each row in a table

Answer

To establish relationships between tables

Answer

To store data values

Answer

To enforce data constraints

Question 32

Which SQL statement is used to create a new database?

Accepted Answer

CREATE DATABASE

Answer

SELECT DATABASE

Answer

DROP DATABASE

Answer

ALTER DATABASE

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased storage space requirements

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Enhanced data security

Question 34

What is the main purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

To enforce referential integrity

Answer

To establish a relationship between two tables

Answer

To store data values

Answer

To identify each row uniquely

Question 35

What is the primary objective of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating data redundancy and inconsistencies

Answer

Enhancing database performance and efficiency

Answer

Heightening database security and privacy

Answer

Simplifying database maintenance and updates

Question 36

When selecting a database architecture model for an online transaction processing (OLTP) system, which model is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Relational model: Tables and relationships provide efficient data storage and retrieval.

Answer

Hierarchical model: Suitable for representing hierarchical relationships.

Answer

Network model: Facilitates complex relationships and data sharing.

Answer

Object-oriented model: Supports object-oriented programming concepts but may not be ideal for OLTP systems.

Question 37

In a relational database, what is the role of the primary key?

Accepted Answer

A unique identifier for each row, ensuring data integrity.

Answer

A set of attributes that describe the most important aspects of the data.

Answer

An index used to optimize data retrieval and improve performance.

Answer

A field that is used to sort and organize the data in a specific order.

Question 38

What is the primary responsibility of a database administrator (DBA)?

Accepted Answer

Managing and maintaining database systems, ensuring optimal performance and data integrity.

Answer

Designing and developing database applications, creating custom solutions for specific requirements.

Answer

Training users on how to effectively utilize database systems and applications.

Answer

Writing technical documentation to document database systems, their functionality, and usage.

Question 39

In SQL, which keyword combines data from multiple tables based on matching columns?

Accepted Answer

JOIN

Answer

SELECT

Answer

WHERE

Answer

ORDER BY

Question 40

Craft an SQL UPDATE statement to update customer addresses based on their state of residence.

Accepted Answer

UPDATE Customers SET address = 'New Address' WHERE state = 'California'

Answer

ALTER TABLE Customers MODIFY address VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL

Answer

DELETE FROM Customers WHERE address LIKE '%California%'

Question 41

Which of the following constraints specifies that a field must have a unique value for each record and cannot contain null values?

Accepted Answer

Primary key constraint

Answer

Unique constraint

Answer

Foreign key constraint

Answer

Not null constraint

Question 42

Which database model represents data in a hierarchical structure, where each parent can have multiple children but each child has only one parent?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical Model

Answer

Network Model

Answer

Relational Model

Answer

Entity-Relationship Model

Question 43

What is the primary purpose of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

To decompose a database into multiple tables to eliminate data redundancy and improve data integrity

Answer

To simplify data retrieval

Answer

To reduce storage space

Question 44

What is the purpose of a foreign key constraint in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

To maintain referential integrity by ensuring that every foreign key value in a table matches a primary key value in another table

Answer

To enforce data validation rules

Answer

To prevent duplicate data entries

Question 45

Which of the following is a type of database schema that describes the logical structure of the database, independent of any physical implementation details?

Accepted Answer

Logical schema

Answer

External schema

Answer

Physical schema

Answer

View schema

Question 46

What is the primary role of a data dictionary in a database system?

Accepted Answer

To store metadata, providing information about data definitions, relationships, and usage

Answer

To provide data backup and recovery

Answer

To optimize database performance and efficiency

Answer

To manage user access and permissions

Question 47

Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in the database design process?

Accepted Answer

Requirements gathering, conceptual design, logical design, and physical design

Answer

Requirements gathering, logical design, conceptual design, physical design

Answer

Planning, analysis, design, implementation

Answer

Conceptual design, logical design, physical design, deployment

Question 48

Explain the key difference between a primary key and a foreign key in a relational database.

Accepted Answer

A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table, while a foreign key references a primary key in another table, establishing a relationship between tables

Answer

A primary key can be null, but a foreign key cannot

Answer

A foreign key is always unique, but a primary key is not

Question 49

Which of the following is a commonly used tool for creating Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs), which are employed in database modeling?

Accepted Answer

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool

Answer

Word processing software

Answer

Presentation software

Answer

Spreadsheet application