Mood Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments | Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is a symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness or low mood

Answer

Excessive weight gain

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Racing thoughts

Question 2

What type of neurochemical imbalance is associated with mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin and/or norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 3

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) treats mood disorders by:

Accepted Answer

Changing negative thinking patterns and behaviors

Answer

Prescribing medications

Answer

Administering Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer

Focusing on lifestyle modifications

Question 4

Which is NOT a characteristic of Bipolar I Disorder?

Accepted Answer

No psychotic features

Answer

Episodes of mania or hypomania

Answer

Periods of depression

Answer

Rapid mood changes

Question 5

What is the term for a prolonged period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood in Bipolar Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mania

Answer

Hypomania

Answer

Depression

Answer

Mixed episode

Question 6

Which type of mood disorder involves alternating episodes of mania or hypomania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar I disorder

Answer

Unipolar disorder

Answer

Bipolar II disorder

Answer

Cyclothymic disorder

Question 7

Lithium is used in Bipolar Disorder primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate neurotransmitters

Answer

Promote brain cell growth

Answer

Reduce brain inflammation

Answer

Enhance sleep quality

Question 8

The biopsychosocial model of mental disorders considers:

Accepted Answer

Biological, psychological, and social factors

Answer

Environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors

Answer

Cognitive, emotional, and spiritual factors

Answer

Educational, socioeconomic, and cultural factors

Question 9

In addition to psychotherapy and medication, which of the following evidence-based therapies have been shown to be effective in treating mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Accepted Answer

Light therapy

Answer

Herbal supplements

Question 10

When treating mood disorders, which ethical principle requires particular attention due to potential side effects and long-term consequences?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Cultural sensitivity

Answer

Social justice

Question 11

When experiencing a depressive episode, it is essential to:

Accepted Answer

Seek professional help

Answer

Self-medicate with alcohol or drugs

Answer

Isolate oneself from others

Answer

Wait for the episode to pass on its own

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Rapid speech and racing thoughts

Question 13

According to the DSM-5, what is a necessary criterion for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?

Accepted Answer

At least one manic episode

Answer

A history of depressive episodes

Answer

Rapid cycling between manic and depressive states

Answer

Substance use leading to mood symptoms

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly associated with the pathophysiology of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 15

What type of therapy focuses on helping individuals identify and alter negative thought patterns that contribute to their mood symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Interpersonal therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 16

Which medication class is commonly used as an initial treatment option for depression?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 17

What is the primary objective of treatment for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

To manage symptoms and enhance quality of life

Answer

To completely cure the disorder

Answer

To prevent future episodes

Answer

To eliminate all negative emotions

Question 18

Which of the following is a core symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities

Answer

Racing thoughts or psychomotor agitation

Answer

Exaggerated feelings of worthlessness or guilt

Answer

Increased appetite or weight gain

Question 19

What is the key difference between unipolar and bipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression involves only depressive episodes, while bipolar depression involves both depressive and manic episodes.

Answer

Bipolar depression is characterized by more severe symptoms than unipolar depression.

Answer

There is no significant difference between unipolar and bipolar depression.

Answer

Unipolar depression is more common than bipolar depression.

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is believed to play a role in mood regulation and is frequently targeted in the treatment of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 21

What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

To identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to symptoms.

Answer

To build coping mechanisms for stressful situations

Answer

To improve medication adherence

Answer

To reduce the frequency and intensity of depressive episodes

Question 22

What is the typical age of onset for major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Late adolescence or early adulthood

Answer

Older adulthood

Answer

Childhood

Answer

Middle adulthood

Question 23

Which of the following is a primary symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness and loss of interest

Answer

Elevated mood and increased energy

Answer

Racing thoughts and agitation

Question 24

Which of the following is a symptom of bipolar disorder rather than major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy and activity

Answer

Persistent sadness or emptiness

Answer

Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Answer

Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Question 25

Which of the following is a common symptom of mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness or feelings of hopelessness

Answer

Beliefs of being superior to others

Answer

Hearing voices that others cannot hear

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Changes in sleep or appetite

Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness and emptiness

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Question 27

Which type of bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar I disorder

Answer

Rapid cycling bipolar disorder

Answer

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer

Bipolar II disorder

Question 28

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mood disorders

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Question 29

Which medication class is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Stimulants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Antidepressants

Question 30

Which type of therapy involves challenging negative thoughts and developing coping mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Art therapy

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Question 31

Which of the following terms describes a period of extreme elation, decreased need for sleep, and racing thoughts that can occur in bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mania

Answer

Depression

Answer

Cyclothymia

Answer

Hypomania

Question 32

Which of the following is a common symptom of postpartum depression but NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Excessive worry about the baby

Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Changes in appetite or sleep

Question 33

Which of the following is a potential severe consequence of untreated mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Suicide

Answer

Increased social connections

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Improved academic performance

Question 34

How does social support contribute to the management of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

It can provide emotional support, validation, and reduce feelings of isolation

Answer

It can eliminate the need for professional help

Answer

It can worsen symptoms by promoting dependency

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a central symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness

Answer

Changes in sleep or appetite

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with depression and is often targeted by antidepressant medications?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Endorphins

Question 37

Which type of mood disorder involves alternating episodes of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) and periods of depression?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder

Answer

Major depressive disorder

Answer

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer

Dysthymia

Question 38

Which of the following factors is considered a risk factor for developing a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mood disorders

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Positive relationships

Answer

Healthy diet

Question 39

What is a common cognitive distortion associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Negative self-evaluation

Answer

Overestimation of probabilities

Answer

Selective attention

Answer

Jumping to conclusions

Question 40

Which type of therapy focuses on teaching individuals to identify and challenge negative thought patterns, promoting positive changes in mood and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer

Person-centered therapy

Question 41

Which class of medication is primarily used to stabilize mood swings and prevent episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Mood stabilizer

Answer

Stimulant

Answer

Antidepressant

Answer

Antipsychotic

Question 42

Which potentially severe consequence can result from leaving mood disorders untreated?

Accepted Answer

Suicide

Answer

Increased social engagement

Answer

Improved academic performance

Answer

Enhanced creativity

Question 43

Which of the following is a recommended self-care strategy for managing symptoms of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Negative self-talk

Answer

Social isolation

Question 44

Which cultural factor can significantly influence the way mood disorders are perceived and experienced in different societies?

Accepted Answer

Stigma

Answer

Education level

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Answer

Access to healthcare

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities

Answer

Excessive energy, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior

Answer

Disturbed sleep patterns and significant changes in appetite

Answer

Psychotic features, such as delusions or hallucinations

Question 46

Which neurotransmitter is strongly associated with mood regulation and is often implicated in the development of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 47

Which form of psychotherapy involves identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve mood and well-being?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Answer

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 48

Which medication class is commonly used as an initial treatment option for depression due to its effectiveness and generally well-tolerated side effect profile?

Accepted Answer

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Question 49

What is a defining characteristic of a manic episode?

Accepted Answer

Elevated or irritable mood and inflated self-esteem

Answer

Persistent sadness and anhedonia

Answer

Avolition and psychomotor retardation

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of postpartum depression?

Accepted Answer

Euphoria and grandiosity

Answer

Anxiety and difficulty bonding with the baby

Answer

Sleep disturbances and appetite changes

Answer

Sadness and irritability