Brain Structures and Cognitive Functions: A Comprehensive Guide for Psychology Students

Question 1

Which brain structure is responsible for forming new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Thalamus

Question 2

Recent research suggests that the default mode network is active when individuals are:

Accepted Answer

Daydreaming or mind wandering

Answer

Engaged in a task that requires focused attention

Answer

Experiencing strong emotions

Question 3

The hippocampus is crucial for:

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory formation

Answer

Motor control

Question 4

Which brain structure is closely associated with executive functions such as working memory, planning, and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 5

Which brain region is primarily involved in processing fear and other emotional responses?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 6

Which cognitive function is NOT associated with the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Spatial memory

Answer

Attention

Answer

Emotion regulation

Answer

Planning

Question 7

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 8

Which of the following is a key cognitive process strongly influenced by the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Decision-making

Answer

Language comprehension

Answer

Visual perception

Answer

Auditory processing

Question 9

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for processing visual information, including shape, color, and movement?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 10

Which brain structure is responsible for the formation, retrieval, and consolidation of memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 11

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as planning, decision-making, and working memory?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 12

The formation and retrieval of long-term memories is a key function of which brain structure?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Thalamus

Question 13

Which brain structure is involved in spatial navigation and memory formation?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Thalamus

Question 14

Damage to the cerebellum can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Motor coordination problems

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Emotional instability

Answer

Language impairments

Question 15

The intricate connections between brain regions that support cognitive functions are often referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Neural pathways

Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Cognitive mapping

Answer

Neurogenesis

Question 16

Which brain structure plays the primary role in establishing and solidifying long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Question 17

Which brain structure is principally responsible for cognitive functions such as reasoning, planning, and problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 18

Which brain structure is essential for the encoding and retrieval of new long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 19

Which brain structure plays a central role in processing and regulating emotions, especially fear and anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter plays a significant role in reward processing and motivation within the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Question 21

Which brain imaging technique allows researchers to measure brain activity by tracking alterations in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

MEG

Answer

EEG

Answer

PET

Question 22

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating the body's sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Brainstem

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter is associated with increased attention, arousal, and alertness?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 24

Which brain region is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe