Thinking: Cognitive Processes and Biases - Learning Quizzes

Question 1

What is the term for the cognitive process of finding a solution to a problem?

Accepted Answer

Problem-solving

Answer

Reasoning

Answer

Decision-making

Answer

Cognition

Question 2

Which of the following heuristics leads people to overestimate the likelihood of events that come to mind easily?

Accepted Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Answer

Affect heuristic

Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Question 3

What is the key distinction between deductive and inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and formulates general conclusions.

Answer

Deductive reasoning begins with general statements and draws conclusions about specific instances.

Answer

Deductive reasoning is always valid, while inductive reasoning is not.

Answer

Both deductive and inductive reasoning involve the application of logic.

Question 4

What is the term for the process of accessing information from memory?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Storage

Answer

Consolidation

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of mental representation?

Accepted Answer

Physical objects

Answer

Images

Answer

Concepts

Answer

Schemas

Question 6

A mental shortcut used to simplify decision-making is called a:

Accepted Answer

Heuristic

Answer

Cognitive bias

Answer

Mental model

Answer

Illusion

Question 7

The process of performing tasks quickly and efficiently without conscious effort is known as:

Accepted Answer

Automaticity

Answer

Cognitive fluency

Answer

Chunking

Answer

Metacognition

Question 8

Which of the following is not considered a type of mental representation in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Emotions

Answer

Images

Answer

Propositions

Answer

Schemata

Question 9

Problem-solving involves finding a solution to a:

Accepted Answer

Novel or unfamiliar situation

Answer

Well-defined problem with a known solution

Answer

Hypothetical scenario

Answer

Complex emotional conflict

Question 10

Reasoning refers to the cognitive process of:

Accepted Answer

Drawing inferences and conclusions from evidence

Answer

Generating creative ideas

Answer

Solving complex problems

Answer

Making decisions under uncertainty

Question 11

Mental imagery can be described as a:

Accepted Answer

Vivid mental representation of an object or event

Answer

Process of solving problems through trial and error

Answer

Ability to reason logically

Answer

Formation of beliefs based on experience

Question 12

How does metacognition contribute to complex cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

Enhances strategic thinking and self-monitoring

Answer

Boosts creativity and divergent thinking

Answer

Minimizes cognitive effort and workload

Answer

Hinders emotional regulation and self-control

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes the prefrontal cortex's specific role in attention?

Accepted Answer

Consciously maintaining and manipulating information in working memory to guide behavior

Answer

Automatically detecting and rapidly orienting to salient stimuli

Answer

Analyzing and interpreting complex visual information

Answer

Storing and retrieving long-term memories

Question 14

In the context of problem-solving, what are heuristics?

Accepted Answer

Mental shortcuts that might not always lead to the optimal solution.

Answer

Comprehensive strategies that guarantee the best solution.

Answer

Complex algorithms that systematically evaluate all possibilities.

Question 15

Which of the listed options represents a type of logical fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Ad hominem

Answer

Syllogism

Answer

Deduction

Answer

Induction

Question 16

Which technique can help counteract confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Actively seeking evidence that contradicts our initial assumptions.

Answer

Only considering evidence that aligns with our beliefs.

Answer

Ignoring evidence that challenges our beliefs.

Question 17

Describe the relationship between thought and language.

Accepted Answer

Thought and language are interconnected, with language acting as a tool to express and structure our thoughts.

Answer

Thought is completely independent of language.

Question 18

Which of the following characterizes expert thinking?

Accepted Answer

Organizing information into meaningful chunks.

Answer

Being inflexible in problem-solving approaches.

Answer

Focusing primarily on surface-level similarities.

Answer

Relying heavily on memorization rather than understanding.

Question 19

What is the function of metacognition in the context of thinking?

Accepted Answer

Metacognition involves monitoring and regulating our own thought processes.

Answer

Metacognition is exclusively utilized by highly skilled individuals.

Answer

Metacognition is unrelated to the process of thinking.