Group Processes: Understanding Group Dynamics in Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of ineffective group norms?

Accepted Answer

Ambiguity

Answer

Clarity

Answer

Specificity

Answer

Consistency

Question 2

In group settings with well-defined tasks and goals, which advantage is typically associated with autocratic leadership?

Accepted Answer

Offering clear guidance and swift decision-making

Answer

Encouraging teamwork and group agreement

Answer

Fostering individual innovation and independence

Answer

Boosting group spirit and contentment

Question 3

Which social influence theory proposes that individuals conform to group norms to gain acceptance and avoid rejection?

Accepted Answer

Normative Social Influence Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Social Impact Theory

Answer

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Question 4

Which type of group norm is unspoken, yet understood and followed by group members?

Accepted Answer

Informal norm

Answer

Formal norm

Answer

Descriptive norm

Answer

Injunctive norm

Question 5

According to social identity theory, an individual's self-concept is shaped primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Their membership in social groups

Answer

Their personal characteristics

Answer

Their socioeconomic status

Answer

Their cultural background

Question 6

The tendency for group members to adhere to group norms is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Group conformity

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social inhibition

Answer

Social loafing

Question 7

The concept of ______ refers to the tendency for individuals to reduce their effort when working in a group setting.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 8

The tendency for groups to develop rigid thinking and suppress dissent is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 9

Which of the following best defines a group?

Accepted Answer

A collection of individuals with shared goals and interdependence

Answer

A random gathering of people with no common purpose

Answer

A collection of individuals who share a physical space

Answer

A group of people who have similar interests

Question 10

The initial stage of group formation, where individuals come together, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Answer

Group formation

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 11

Which of the following is a structure in which group members have different levels of authority?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical

Answer

Egalitarian

Answer

Laissez-faire

Answer

Democratic

Question 12

The tendency for group members to conform to the majority opinion, even if it conflicts with their own beliefs, is called:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 13

The process by which groups establish expected behaviors and standards is known as:

Accepted Answer

Norming

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Sanctioning

Answer

Control

Question 14

The type of social influence that occurs when individuals adopt the behavior of others to gain approval is:

Accepted Answer

Normative influence

Answer

Informational influence

Answer

Reward influence

Answer

Coercive influence

Question 15

The theory that explains how groups can make irrational decisions due to excessive conformity is:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the final stage of group development, where members work effectively together?

Accepted Answer

Performing

Answer

Norming

Answer

Storming

Answer

Adjourning

Question 17

Conformity involves:

Accepted Answer

Adjusting one's beliefs and behaviors to align with those of the majority

Answer

Resisting social influence and maintaining independent views

Answer

Developing close connections within a group

Answer

Assuming leadership positions within a group

Question 18

In the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which route to persuasion results in more enduring attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Central

Answer

Peripheral

Answer

Both central and peripheral routes, depending on the individual

Answer

Neither central nor peripheral routes

Question 19

The Stanford Prison Experiment is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Field experiment

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Correlational study

Question 20

The bystander effect is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

There are numerous witnesses to an emergency

Answer

The victim is a stranger

Answer

The individual feels personally accountable for helping

Answer

The situation is in a familiar setting

Question 21

In group decision-making, it's crucial to consider ethical implications. Discuss the potential risks of groupthink and explain why respecting minority dissent is essential.

Accepted Answer

Ethical group decision-making involves balancing consensus-building with respecting diverse perspectives, including minority opinions.

Answer

Groupthink is an ethical decision-making process that prioritizes group harmony over critical thinking.

Answer

Minority dissent should be discouraged as it can disrupt group cohesion.

Answer

Group processes are inherently unethical and should be avoided for decision-making.

Question 22

What is the term for the phenomenon where groups make risky decisions due to pressure to conform?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Group polarization

Question 23

Which of the following factors contribute to group polarization?

Accepted Answer

Homogeneity of group members' attitudes

Answer

Exposure to diverse viewpoints

Answer

Presence of a strong leader

Answer

High individual accountability

Question 24

How can social loafing be effectively addressed in group settings?

Accepted Answer

Making individual contributions visible

Answer

Increasing group size

Answer

Reducing task significance

Answer

Encouraging competition between group members

Question 25

The influence of group members on each other to conform to group norms, sometimes even against their own personal beliefs, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 26

Which social psychologist conducted the Robbers Cave experiment, which demonstrated the effects of intergroup conflict and prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Muzafer Sherif

Answer

Gordon Allport

Answer

Kurt Lewin

Answer

Leon Festinger

Question 27

The tendency for individuals to form social connections with others who share similar characteristics and interests is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Homophily

Answer

Proximity

Answer

Attraction

Answer

Social comparison

Question 28

The tendency to selectively seek out information that supports our existing beliefs is known as:

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Disconfirmation bias

Answer

Selective perception

Answer

Groupthink

Question 29

Which of the following is a key characteristic of highly cohesive groups?

Accepted Answer

Members are highly interdependent, sharing goals and working together towards them.

Answer

Members hold diverse perspectives and frequently engage in conflict.

Answer

Members have little interaction with each other and are not emotionally connected.

Answer

Members have low levels of trust and respect for one another.

Question 30

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the central route to persuasion involves:

Accepted Answer

Careful consideration and critical evaluation of arguments, leading to more enduring attitude change.

Answer

Reliance on superficial cues and heuristics, such as speaker credibility or emotional appeals.

Answer

Repeated exposure to a message, gradually increasing its impact over time.

Answer

Emotional appeals and peripheral cues, bypassing conscious processing and directly influencing attitudes.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of norms in groups?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing creativity and innovation by encouraging diverse perspectives.

Answer

Providing guidelines for acceptable behavior and expectations.

Answer

Maintaining group cohesiveness and sense of belonging.

Answer

Regulating individual expression and conformity to group values.

Question 32

In the context of group decision-making, the technique of brainstorming aims to:

Accepted Answer

Generate a wide range of diverse ideas without evaluation or criticism.

Answer

Evaluate and select the best ideas from a pool of options.

Answer

Reach a consensus on a single solution, considering all perspectives.

Answer

Suppress individual creativity in favor of group conformity.

Question 33

The concept of social facilitation suggests that:

Accepted Answer

Individuals tend to perform better on tasks when in the presence of others, due to increased motivation.

Answer

Individuals tend to perform worse on tasks when in the presence of others, due to anxiety and distraction.

Answer

Performance is unaffected by the presence of others, as individuals are focused on their own goals.

Answer

Performance is enhanced only when others are perceived as competent and supportive.

Question 34

How do communication patterns within a group affect the effectiveness of group decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Open and collaborative communication patterns, where all members actively participate, lead to better group decision-making outcomes.

Answer

Communication patterns have no impact on the quality of group decision-making.

Answer

Centralized communication patterns, where information flows primarily through one person, improve group decision-making efficiency.

Answer

The quality of group decision-making depends solely on the intelligence and expertise of individual group members.

Question 35

Which characteristic is a hallmark of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Illusion of unanimity

Answer

Critical evaluation of ideas

Answer

Openness to dissent

Answer

Emphasis on individual accountability

Question 36

Which type of group is characterized by strong emotional bonds and a shared sense of purpose?

Accepted Answer

Primary group

Answer

Secondary group

Answer

Informal group

Answer

Formal group

Question 37

According to the social identity theory, individuals tend to favor their own group over others primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced self-esteem

Answer

Political affiliation

Answer

Financial gain

Answer

Social status

Question 38

In the Tuckman model of group development, which stage is characterized by high levels of conflict and resistance?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 39

Which of the following leadership styles involves shared decision-making and a focus on empowering team members?

Accepted Answer

Democratic leadership

Answer

Transactional leadership

Answer

Autocratic leadership

Answer

Laissez-faire leadership

Question 40

Group polarization refers to the tendency for groups to:

Accepted Answer

Become more extreme in their initial opinions

Answer

Ignore outside perspectives

Answer

Conform to the majority opinion

Answer

Adopt more moderate views

Question 41

Social loafing is a phenomenon that occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Individuals exert less effort when working in a group

Answer

Group members share responsibilities unequally

Answer

Groups make more errors than individuals

Question 42

The concept of self-disclosure in group settings refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Sharing of personal information with other group members

Answer

Lying to protect the group's reputation

Answer

Withholding private information from others

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of working in a group?

Accepted Answer

Reduced productivity

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving

Answer

Improved communication

Answer

Increased creativity

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Tuckman's model of group development?

Accepted Answer

Maturation

Answer

Storming

Answer

Performing

Answer

Forming

Question 45

According to social identity theory, individuals primarily define their self-concept based on:

Accepted Answer

Their membership in social groups

Answer

Their early childhood experiences

Answer

Their personal attributes

Answer

The feedback they receive from others

Question 46

The tendency for individuals to conform to group norms to gain acceptance is known as:

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence

Answer

Coercive social influence

Answer

Informational social influence

Question 47

According to the bystander effect, individuals are less likely to intervene in emergencies when:

Accepted Answer

There are many other people present

Answer

They have a close relationship with the person in need

Answer

They are in a hurry

Answer

The emergency is occurring in a private setting

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of effective group leadership?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating communication and decision-making

Answer

Dominating discussions

Answer

Avoiding conflicts

Question 49

Which of the following is a potential negative outcome of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of dissenting opinions

Answer

Enhanced group cohesion

Answer

Improved decision-making

Answer

Increased creativity

Question 50

The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group, compared to working alone, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Normative social influence