Group Processes: Dynamics, Leadership, and Decision-Making

Question 1

Which theory of group decision-making suggests that groups make decisions based on a rational and logical analysis of available information?

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Equity theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Question 2

Which type of group is formed primarily to accomplish a specific task or goal?

Accepted Answer

Task group

Answer

Social group

Answer

Reference group

Answer

Ingroup

Question 3

Social identity theory posits that individuals' self-concept is primarily shaped by:

Accepted Answer

Both their personal attributes and group memberships

Answer

Their personal attributes only

Answer

Their group memberships only

Answer

Neither their personal attributes nor group memberships

Question 4

In group settings, which leadership style is characterized by shared decision-making and empowering team members?

Accepted Answer

Democratic leadership

Answer

Autocratic leadership

Answer

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer

Transactional leadership

Question 5

According to the bystander effect, which factor is most likely to reduce the likelihood of individuals intervening in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

Presence of others

Answer

Ambiguous nature of the situation

Answer

Fear of negative consequences

Answer

Personal responsibility

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential consequence of social loafing in group settings?

Accepted Answer

Diminished group performance and potential feelings of guilt

Answer

Increased productivity and reduced stress levels

Answer

Development of new ideas and enhanced individual accountability

Answer

Increased motivation and improved coordination

Question 7

According to the social facilitation theory, individual performance in group settings is expected to be enhanced for tasks that are:

Accepted Answer

Simple and familiar

Answer

Complex and unfamiliar

Answer

Equally challenging regardless of task type

Answer

More likely to be evaluated by others

Question 8

The fundamental distinction between collectivism and individualism as cultural orientations lies in the:

Accepted Answer

Importance placed on group goals versus individual goals

Answer

Emphasis on harmony versus competition

Answer

Focus on conformity versus independence

Answer

Value placed on tradition versus innovation

Question 9

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of a group?

Accepted Answer

Individual accountability

Answer

Shared goals or objectives

Answer

Structure and organization

Answer

Social interaction

Question 10

According to Tuckman's model, which stage of group development is typically characterized by conflict and disagreement?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Answer

Adjourning

Question 11

Which of the following theories of group decision-making places great emphasis on the role of cognitive biases?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink Theory

Answer

Rational Choice Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Question 12

Which of the following is **not** a common barrier to effective group communication?

Accepted Answer

Sufficient time

Answer

Cultural differences

Answer

Lack of trust

Answer

Language barriers

Question 13

What is the **key** difference between a formal group and an informal group?

Accepted Answer

Formal groups have a defined structure and purpose, while informal groups are more fluid and spontaneous.

Answer

Informal groups are smaller than formal groups.

Answer

Formal groups are typically work-related, while informal groups are typically social.

Answer

There is no real difference between formal and informal groups.

Question 14

How does **social loafing** impact group performance?

Accepted Answer

It reduces individual accountability and can lead to lower group productivity

Answer

It increases individual motivation and can lead to higher group productivity

Answer

It has no significant impact on group performance

Answer

It only occurs in large groups

Question 15

Which of the following is **not** a benefit of group decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Reduced accuracy

Answer

Increased diversity of perspectives

Answer

Improved creativity

Answer

Risk of bias

Question 16

Which stage in Tuckman's model of group development is characterized by conflict and disagreement?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Adjourning

Question 17

According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion involves careful consideration of the message's arguments?

Accepted Answer

Central

Answer

Peripheral

Answer

Neither

Answer

Both, depending on the individual

Question 18

According to the Tuckman model, which stage of group development involves conflict and disagreement?

Accepted Answer

Storming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Performing

Question 19

The process by which individuals align their behaviors and attitudes to conform to group norms is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Obedience

Question 20

Which leadership style emphasizes task achievement and structure?

Accepted Answer

Transactional leadership

Answer

Transformational leadership

Answer

Charismatic leadership

Answer

Participative leadership

Question 21

The tendency for individuals to work less effectively in groups than individually is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Bystander effect

Question 22

The process by which groups establish and enforce their rules and expectations is called:

Accepted Answer

Norming

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Conformity

Question 23

Which stage is NOT included in Tuckman's model of group development?

Accepted Answer

Transforming

Answer

Forming

Answer

Storming

Answer

Norming

Question 24

The process by which individuals modify their behavior to conform to group expectations is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Deindividuation

Question 25

Which theory suggests that groups make decisions based on a systematic and logical analysis of available information?

Accepted Answer

Rational model

Answer

Groupthink model

Answer

Incremental model

Answer

Transactive memory theory

Question 26

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, which route to persuasion is most effective when people are highly motivated and have the ability to process information?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Answer

Peripheral route

Answer

Heuristic route

Answer

Cognitive route

Question 27

What is the primary role of a group leader?

Accepted Answer

To provide support and facilitate communication

Answer

To make all decisions

Answer

To delegate tasks

Question 28

What is the key difference between a primary and a secondary group?

Accepted Answer

Primary groups are smaller and more intimate, while secondary groups are larger and more formal

Answer

Primary groups are temporary, while secondary groups are permanent

Answer

Primary groups are based on choice, while secondary groups are based on necessity

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of ineffective group communication?

Accepted Answer

Ambiguity

Answer

Clarity

Answer

Conciseness

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Bruce Tuckman's model of group development?

Accepted Answer

Implementation

Answer

Performing

Answer

Forming

Answer

Storming

Question 31

The tendency for individuals to conform to group norms, even when they know their beliefs are incorrect, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer

Deindividuation

Question 32

Which of the following leadership styles emphasizes a focus on inspiring followers and providing intellectual stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Transformational

Answer

Autocratic

Answer

Democratic

Answer

Laissez-faire

Question 33

The process by which groups collectively reach decisions is known as:

Accepted Answer

Group decision-making

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Conformity

Question 34

Which of the following is a technique commonly used to challenge groupthink and encourage critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Devil's advocacy

Answer

Consensus decision-making

Answer

Brainstorming

Question 35

The process by which individuals lose their sense of individuality and become more susceptible to group influence is known as:

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Question 36

Which of the following is a potential benefit of working in groups?

Accepted Answer

Increased creativity and innovation

Answer

Less accountability

Answer

Slower decision-making

Answer

Reduced risk-taking

Question 37

The tendency for groups to make more extreme decisions than individual members would make on their own is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Deindividuation

Answer

Groupthink

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Tuckman's model of group development?

Accepted Answer

Coalescence

Answer

Storming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Forming

Question 39

According to social identity theory, individuals' self-concept is shaped primarily by their membership in:

Accepted Answer

Social groups

Answer

Individual experiences

Answer

Cultural norms

Answer

Biological factors

Question 40

Which leadership style is characterized by a high level of directive behavior and a low level of participative behavior?

Accepted Answer

Autocratic

Answer

Democratic

Answer

Transformational

Answer

Laissez-faire

Question 41

In group dynamics, what is the term for the phenomenon where individuals conform to the opinions of the majority, even if they know those opinions are incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Deindividuation

Answer

Social loafing

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using brainstorming as a group decision-making technique?

Accepted Answer

Encourages creative and innovative ideas

Answer

Ensures all members participate equally

Answer

Guarantees the best solution will be found

Question 43

According to social exchange theory, individuals engage in relationships primarily based on:

Accepted Answer

Perceived costs and benefits

Answer

Emotional attachment

Answer

Similarity in values

Answer

Physical attractiveness

Question 44

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to favor their own ingroup over outgroups?

Accepted Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Stereotyping

Question 45

Which method is used to help prevent groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Appointing a devil's advocate

Answer

Encouraging majority rule

Answer

Suppressing dissenting opinions

Question 46

Identify a characteristic that is essential for a cohesive group to exhibit:

Accepted Answer

High levels of trust and interdependence among members

Answer

Weak focus on shared goals

Answer

Minimal communication between members

Answer

Diverse backgrounds and perspectives

Question 47

In the context of group dynamics, what is the primary responsibility of a group facilitator?

Accepted Answer

To guide the group process and ensure equitable participation among members

Answer

To dominate discussions and control the flow of conversation

Answer

To make unilateral decisions on behalf of the group

Question 48

Which stage is NOT included in the traditional sequence of group development?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal

Answer

Storming

Answer

Norming

Answer

Forming

Question 49

Identify a key advantage associated with collaborative group work:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced creativity and problem-solving capabilities

Answer

Absence of diverse perspectives

Answer

Diminished productivity

Answer

Reduced motivation among group members

Question 50

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals tend to exert less effort or contribute less to a group task than they would if working individually?

Accepted Answer

Social Loafing

Answer

Collective Action Problem

Answer

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer

Free Riding

Question 51

What fundamental distinction exists between a task group and a social group?

Accepted Answer

Task groups are created with a specific goal or objective, while social groups prioritize the development of relationships and social interaction

Answer

Task groups tend to be larger in size than social groups