Otolaryngology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery

Question 1

meticulous hemostasis during an adenoidectomy is critical to avoid:

Accepted Answer

Postoperative epistaxis

Answer

Nasopharyngeal stenosis

Answer

Velopharyngeal incompetence

Answer

Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy recurrence

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing chronic sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Allergic rhinitis

Answer

Nasal polyps

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

Which type of sinus infection is characterized by the presence of fungal elements within the sinus cavities?

Accepted Answer

Fungal sinusitis

Answer

Bacterial sinusitis

Answer

Viral sinusitis

Answer

Allergic sinusitis

Question 4

What is the primary goal of surgical management in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Enlarging the airway lumen

Answer

Improving nasal patency

Answer

Reducing pharyngeal muscle tone

Answer

Treating gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 5

In pediatric otolaryngology, which ethical consideration is paramount?

Accepted Answer

Acquiring informed consent from both the child and their legal guardian

Answer

Ensuring the child is fully sedated before discussing the surgery

Answer

Consulting with a child psychologist to assess the child's emotional maturity

Question 6

In endoscopic sinus surgery, which surgical approach is frequently utilized?

Accepted Answer

Transnasal approach

Answer

Transorbital approach

Answer

Infraorbital approach

Answer

Sublabial approach

Question 7

Which complication is most commonly associated with septoplasty, a surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum?

Accepted Answer

Septal perforation, a hole in the nasal septum

Answer

Persistent nasal obstruction

Answer

Frequent nosebleeds

Answer

Loss of sense of smell

Question 8

For the treatment of a peritonsillar abscess, which of the following is the recommended approach?

Accepted Answer

Incision and drainage to evacuate the abscess

Answer

Needle aspiration to remove pus, followed by antibiotics

Answer

Immediate tonsillectomy to remove the tonsils

Answer

Observation and monitoring without active intervention

Question 9

What is the primary goal of a mastoidectomy, a surgical procedure involving the mastoid bone behind the ear?

Accepted Answer

To remove infected or diseased mastoid air cells

Answer

To improve hearing by removing blockages

Answer

To relieve facial pain caused by pressure or inflammation

Answer

To prevent the spread of infection to the brain

Question 10

In otolaryngological surgeries, what are the benefits of using endoscopic techniques compared to traditional methods?

Accepted Answer

Less invasive, causing less tissue damage

Accepted Answer

Enhanced visualization and surgical accuracy

Accepted Answer

Faster recovery and reduced scarring

Answer

Applicable to all otolaryngological procedures

Question 11

In adenoidectomy, how are the adenoids removed?

Accepted Answer

Incise the posterior pharyngeal wall and bluntly dissect the adenoids from the nasopharyngeal roof, using an adenoidectomy curette.

Answer

Use a laser to vaporize the adenoids.

Question 12

Which of the following procedures is NOT commonly performed in Otolaryngology?

Accepted Answer

Corneal transplant

Answer

Tonsillectomy

Answer

Adenoidectomy

Answer

Sinus surgery

Question 13

What is the most common reason for performing a tonsillectomy?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent tonsillitis

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Chronic sinusitis

Answer

Nasal polyps

Question 14

What is the primary objective of sinus surgery?

Accepted Answer

To remove diseased tissue and re-establish sinus drainage

Answer

To improve facial appearance

Answer

To treat chronic headaches

Answer

To prevent future sinus infections

Question 15

In septoplasty surgery, which surgical approach is used to correct a severely deviated nasal septum while preserving the nasal mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic approach with mucosal preservation

Answer

External rhinoplasty approach

Answer

Sublabial approach

Answer

Power-assisted septoplasty

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an indication for tonsillectomy?

Accepted Answer

As a preventive measure against future infections without a history of recurrent infections

Answer

Chronic tonsillitis with recurrent infections

Answer

Peritonsillar abscess

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 17

What is the most common complication of adenoidectomy?

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Infection

Answer

Velopharyngeal insufficiency

Answer

Nasal septal perforation

Question 18

Which type of sinus surgery involves the removal of only diseased portions of the sinus mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic sinus surgery

Answer

Caldwell-Luc procedure

Answer

Draf III procedure

Answer

Lothrop procedure

Question 19

What is the primary goal of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)?

Accepted Answer

To restore sinus drainage and ventilation

Answer

To reduce facial pain and pressure

Answer

To improve oxygenation

Answer

To treat allergies and asthma

Question 20

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?

Accepted Answer

Otitis media

Answer

Perforated eardrum

Answer

Cholesteatoma

Answer

Otosclerosis

Question 21

What is the purpose of a laryngectomy?

Accepted Answer

To remove a cancerous tumor from the larynx

Answer

To improve breathing and voice

Answer

To treat chronic laryngitis

Answer

To prevent the spread of laryngeal cancer

Question 22

Which complication is a unique potential risk specifically associated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid leak

Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Infection

Answer

Air embolism

Question 23

Which of the following is the typical clinical presentation of a peritonsillar abscess?

Accepted Answer

Severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, trismus, and muffled voice

Answer

Hoarseness, stridor, and difficulty breathing

Answer

Facial swelling, erythema, and tenderness

Answer

Ear pain, hearing loss, and tinnitus

Question 24

Which surgical procedure removes the tonsils?

Accepted Answer

Tonsillectomy

Answer

Adenoidectomy

Answer

Tracheotomy

Answer

Laryngectomy

Question 25

What is the main reason for performing an adenoidectomy?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Chronic tonsillitis

Answer

Recurrent ear infections

Answer

Sinusitis

Question 26

Which surgical approach is most commonly used in sinus surgery?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic surgery

Answer

Open surgery

Answer

Laser surgery

Answer

Cryosurgery

Question 27

What is the most frequent complication associated with tonsillectomy?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Infection

Answer

Voice changes

Answer

Difficulty swallowing

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Being female

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Large tongue

Answer

Recessed jaw

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of the Eustachian tube?

Accepted Answer

Equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

Answer

Drain mucus from the middle ear

Answer

Amplify sound waves entering the ear

Answer

Protect the eardrum from damage

Question 30

Which imaging technique is considered the gold standard for diagnosing paranasal sinus disease?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 31

Which type of head and neck cancer is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 32

Categorize the immediate, early, and late complications associated with tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Discuss preventive measures and management strategies for each type of complication.

Accepted Answer

Immediate complications: Hemorrhage, airway obstruction, aspiration pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Early complications: Wound infection, delayed hemorrhage, otalgia

Accepted Answer

Late complications: Velopharyngeal incompetence, Eustachian tube dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea

Question 33

Which of the following are indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy? Consider both absolute and relative indications, as well as the controversies surrounding their use.

Accepted Answer

Absolute indications: recurrent tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, peritonsillar abscess

Accepted Answer

Relative indications: recurrent otitis media, sinusitis, halitosis

Accepted Answer

Controversies: concerns about long-term immune function, development of autoimmune diseases

Answer

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy should always be performed together

Question 34

Which of the following bacteria is the most common causative agent of tonsillitis?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus)

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 35

Which surgical approach is typically used for endoscopic sinus surgery?

Accepted Answer

Transnasal endoscopic approach

Answer

Sublabial approach

Answer

Transethmoidal approach

Answer

Transorbital approach

Question 36

Which of the following is a contraindication for adenoidectomy?

Accepted Answer

Active or recent upper respiratory tract infection

Answer

Enlarged tonsils (tonsillar hypertrophy)

Answer

Chronic sinusitis

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 37

What is the primary purpose of inserting a tympanostomy tube?

Accepted Answer

To ventilate and aerate the middle ear

Answer

To prevent sensorineural hearing loss

Answer

To drain fluid from the middle ear

Answer

To improve balance function

Question 38

Which of the following is the most common type of cancer affecting the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 39

What is the most common indication for performing tonsillectomy in children?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent tonsillitis (more than 7 episodes per year)

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Peritonsillar abscess

Answer

Diphtheria

Question 40

Which surgical procedure is considered the gold standard for treating subglottic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Cricotracheal resection

Answer

Laryngoplasty

Answer

Dilatation

Answer

Tracheostomy

Question 41

What is the primary symptom associated with acute otitis media?

Accepted Answer

Ear pain

Answer

Tinnitus

Answer

Vertigo

Answer

Hearing loss

Question 42

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?

Accepted Answer

Otitis media with effusion

Answer

Otosclerosis

Answer

Perforated tympanic membrane

Answer

Cholesteatoma

Question 43

Which surgical approach is commonly used to manage a lateral neck abscess?

Accepted Answer

Incision and drainage through a vertical neck incision

Answer

Endoscopic approach

Answer

Transoral approach

Answer

Robotic approach

Question 44

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with vocal cord polyps?

Accepted Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Otalgia

Answer

Stridor

Answer

Dysphagia

Question 45

What is the preferred imaging technique for diagnosing paranasal sinus disease?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 46

A 35-year-old patient experiences recurrent nosebleeds and has a hole in their nasal septum. Which surgical procedure is most likely indicated?

Accepted Answer

Septoplasty

Answer

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Answer

Turbinectomy

Answer

Tympanoplasty

Question 47

A 6-year-old child has repeated ear infections and hearing loss. What is the most appropriate surgical treatment?

Accepted Answer

Adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tube placement

Answer

Tonsillectomy

Answer

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Answer

Septoplasty

Question 48

During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) for chronic sinusitis, which anatomical structure is typically NOT removed?

Accepted Answer

Middle turbinate

Answer

Sphenoid sinus

Answer

Ethmoid sinuses

Answer

Inferior turbinate

Question 49

A patient undergoing tonsillectomy experiences significant bleeding after surgery. What is the most likely source of the bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding from the tonsillar bed

Answer

Bleeding from the jugular vein

Answer

Bleeding from the carotid artery

Answer

Bleeding from the nasal septum

Question 50

A patient with a history of frequent tonsillitis undergoes tonsillectomy. What is a common complication after surgery?

Accepted Answer

Postoperative pain

Answer

Hearing loss

Answer

Paralysis of the vocal cords

Answer

Loss of smell

Question 51

A 50-year-old patient has recurrent ear infections and difficulty hearing. What surgical procedure is most likely indicated?

Accepted Answer

Tympanoplasty

Answer

Stapedectomy

Answer

Septoplasty

Answer

Mastoidectomy

Question 52

A patient is scheduled for surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through the nose. What is the primary surgical approach used?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic

Answer

Transoral

Answer

Open craniotomy

Answer

Transnasal

Question 53

A patient undergoing removal of the larynx (laryngectomy) is at risk for which common complication?

Accepted Answer

Tracheostomy

Answer

Paralysis of the facial nerve

Answer

Loss of taste

Answer

Hearing loss

Question 54

A patient has a chronic ear infection with a buildup of skin-like tissue (cholesteatoma). What surgical procedure is indicated for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Mastoidectomy

Answer

Septoplasty

Answer

Tympanoplasty

Answer

Stapedectomy

Question 55

What surgical technique is used to treat snoring and sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)

Answer

Tonsillectomy

Answer

Septoplasty

Answer

Adenoidectomy