Thermodynamic Systems: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Engineering Mechanics

Question 1

In a thermodynamic process, what is the sign convention for heat transfer?

Accepted Answer

Heat transferred into the system is positive

Answer

Heat transferred out of the system is positive

Answer

Heat transfer is always positive regardless of direction

Answer

Heat transfer is always negative regardless of direction

Question 2

What is the significance of the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

It establishes the concept of thermal equilibrium

Answer

It explains why heat flows from hot to cold

Answer

It defines the unit of temperature

Answer

It is not a fundamental law of thermodynamics

Question 3

Which type of thermodynamic system can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Question 4

Pressure exerted by a gas contained within a closed container is an:

Accepted Answer

Intensive property

Answer

Extensive property

Answer

Dependent property

Question 5

The efficiency of a heat engine is:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the work output to the heat input

Answer

The ratio of the heat input to the work output

Answer

Always equal to 100%

Question 6

Which of the laws of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease?

Accepted Answer

Second law

Answer

First law

Answer

Third law

Question 7

A system undergoes a reversible process if:

Accepted Answer

It can be returned to its initial state without any change in the surroundings

Answer

It can be returned to its initial state, but with a change in the surroundings

Answer

It is an isothermal process

Question 8

In a reversible thermodynamic process, what is true about the entropy of the system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy remains constant

Answer

Entropy increases

Answer

Entropy decreases

Answer

Entropy changes

Question 9

Which of the following statements accurately describes an isolated thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

No mass or heat transfer occurs

Answer

No mass transfer occurs, but heat transfer can occur

Answer

No heat transfer occurs, but mass transfer can occur

Answer

Both mass and heat transfer can occur

Question 10

In an adiabatic thermodynamic process, which physical quantity is conserved?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Mass

Answer

Momentum

Answer

Heat

Question 11

An open system is distinguished by its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings

Answer

Exchange only energy with its surroundings

Answer

Exchange only matter with its surroundings

Answer

Neither exchange matter nor energy with its surroundings

Question 12

State the fundamental principle of the first law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed.

Answer

Entropy always increases in an isolated system.

Answer

Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold to a hot body.

Answer

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

Question 13

Select the SI unit for measuring work.

Accepted Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Pascal

Answer

Celsius

Question 14

In an adiabatic process, what happens to heat transfer?

Accepted Answer

No heat transfer occurs.

Answer

Heat is transferred into the system.

Answer

Heat is transferred out of the system.

Answer

Work is transferred into the system.

Question 15

Define the condition of equilibrium for a system.

Accepted Answer

The system's properties remain constant over time.

Answer

The system exchanges energy with its surroundings.

Answer

The system undergoes a chemical reaction.

Answer

The system expands or contracts.

Question 16

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the change in entropy of a system is always:

Accepted Answer

Positive

Answer

Zero

Answer

Negative

Answer

Dependent on the specific process

Question 17

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what factor governs the direction of irreversible processes?

Accepted Answer

Increase in entropy of closed systems

Answer

Reversibility of all processes

Answer

Conservation of total energy in the universe

Answer

Spontaneous heat flow from cold to hot reservoirs

Question 18

Identify the essential characteristics of an ideal heat reservoir.

Accepted Answer

Infinite thermal capacity

Accepted Answer

Constant temperature

Answer

Zero heat transfer

Answer

Finite volume

Question 19

In the context of thermodynamics, a closed system:

Accepted Answer

Interchanges energy with surroundings but not matter

Answer

Interchanges matter with surroundings but not energy

Answer

Neither exchanges energy nor matter with surroundings

Answer

Interchanges both energy and matter with surroundings

Question 20

Which of the following best describes work done on a system in thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy transferred to the system via an external force

Answer

Energy transferred from the system via an external force

Answer

Heat transferred to the system from the surroundings

Answer

Heat transferred from the system to the surroundings

Question 21

The primary function of a heat engine is to:

Accepted Answer

Convert heat into mechanical work

Answer

Convert mechanical work into heat

Answer

Store heat energy for later use

Answer

Release heat energy into the surroundings

Question 22

The first law of thermodynamics can be summarized as:

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Answer

Energy can be created but not destroyed

Answer

Energy can be destroyed but not created

Answer

Energy can be both created and destroyed

Question 23

Which of the following accurately defines a reversible process in thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A process that can be reversed without altering the system or surroundings

Answer

A process that can be reversed with some alterations to the system or surroundings

Answer

A process that cannot be reversed under any circumstances

Answer

A process that involves the exchange of heat energy

Question 24

Entropy is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

The degree of disorder or randomness within a system

Answer

The total energy content of a system

Answer

The temperature of a system

Answer

The volume occupied by a system

Question 25

The second law of thermodynamics implies that:

Accepted Answer

The entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system tends to decrease over time

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system remains constant over time

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system can fluctuate randomly

Question 26

In a closed system undergoing a quasi-reversible cycle, what happens to its internal energy over the cycle?

Accepted Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It increases.

Answer

It decreases.

Question 27

Entropy is often described as a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Entropy measures the number of possible arrangements of molecules in a given system.

Answer

Entropy is a measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a system.

Question 28

What quantity is conserved in an open system?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Energy

Answer

Momentum

Answer

Angular momentum

Question 29

Which law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases or stays the same?

Accepted Answer

Second Law

Answer

First Law

Answer

Third Law

Answer

Zeroth Law

Question 30

What is the change in internal energy of a system equal to?

Accepted Answer

Heat added to the system minus work done by the system

Answer

Work done by the system minus heat added to the system

Answer

Heat added to the system plus work done by the system

Answer

Work done by the system plus heat added to the system

Question 31

Which of the following processes is isobaric?

Accepted Answer

Constant pressure process

Answer

Constant volume process

Answer

Constant temperature process

Answer

Adiabatic process

Question 32

In an isolated system, which process is irreversible?

Accepted Answer

Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas

Answer

Isothermal compression of an ideal gas

Answer

Isobaric cooling of an ideal gas

Answer

Isochoric heating of an ideal gas

Question 33

In a system where heat is added and work is done by the system, how does the change in internal energy (ΔU) relate to the heat transfer (Q) and work (W)?

Accepted Answer

ΔU = Q - W

Answer

ΔU = Q + W

Answer

ΔU = W - Q

Answer

ΔU is independent of Q and W

Question 34

Which type of thermodynamic system can freely exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Open system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Isolated system

Question 35

Which property uniquely characterizes an isolated thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

No mass can enter or leave the system

Answer

Heat can flow into or out of the system

Answer

The system is in thermal equilibrium

Answer

Work can be done on or by the system

Question 36

In a closed thermodynamic system undergoing a reversible process, what can be concluded about the system's entropy change?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Negative

Answer

Cannot be determined

Answer

Positive

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a fundamental mode of heat transfer?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Conduction

Answer

Convection

Answer

Radiation

Question 38

Which fundamental concept is central to the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Work

Answer

Energy

Answer

Heat

Question 39

Which type of thermodynamic process maintains constant pressure throughout the process?

Accepted Answer

Isobaric process

Answer

Isothermal process

Answer

Adiabatic process

Answer

Isentropic process

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a type of thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

Dynamic

Answer

Closed

Answer

Isolated

Answer

Open

Question 41

Which of the following properties is NOT a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Velocity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Pressure

Question 42

What is the difference between an open and a closed system?

Accepted Answer

An open system can exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings, while a closed system can only exchange energy with its surroundings.

Answer

A closed system can exchange both mass and energy with its surroundings, while an open system can only exchange energy with its surroundings.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of an isolated system?

Accepted Answer

A thermos bottle filled with hot coffee

Answer

A car engine running at a constant speed

Answer

A pot of boiling water on a stove

Answer

A person sitting in a room with the windows open

Question 44

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

Answer

Heat flows from hot to cold.

Answer

Entropy always increases.

Question 45

What is the difference between a reversible and an irreversible process?

Accepted Answer

A reversible process can be returned to its initial state without any loss of energy, while an irreversible process cannot.

Answer

A reversible process can be returned to its initial state with some loss of energy, while an irreversible process cannot.

Question 46

What is the efficiency of a heat engine?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of the work output to the heat input.

Answer

The ratio of the heat input to the work output.

Answer

The difference between the heat input and the work output.

Answer

The sum of the heat input and the work output.

Question 47

What is the Carnot cycle?

Accepted Answer

A theoretical heat engine cycle that operates at maximum efficiency.

Answer

A type of heat engine that uses a turbine.

Answer

A type of heat engine that uses a piston and cylinder.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of thermodynamic system?

Accepted Answer

Semi-closed

Answer

Open

Answer

Closed

Answer

Isolated

Question 49

In an isolated thermodynamic system, which of the following quantities remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Volume

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Pressure

Question 50

A thermodynamic process where pressure remains constant is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Adiabatic

Answer

Isothermal

Question 51

The change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

ΔU = Q - W

Answer

ΔU = Q + W

Answer

ΔU = Q x W

Answer

ΔU = W - Q

Question 52

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is represented by:

Accepted Answer

The area enclosed by the cycle on a P-V diagram

Answer

The heat added to the system

Answer

The change in internal energy

Question 53

The efficiency of a heat engine is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

η = (Work output) / (Heat input)

Answer

η = (Heat output) / (Work input)

Answer

η = (Heat input) / (Work output)

Answer

η = (Work output) / (Heat output)

Question 54

Which of the following describes a reversible thermodynamic process?

Accepted Answer

A process that can be reversed without any increase in the entropy of the universe

Answer

A process that can be reversed without any work being done

Answer

A process that can be repeated indefinitely without any change in the system

Question 55

Entropy (S) is a thermodynamic property that measures:

Accepted Answer

The disorder or randomness of a system

Answer

The temperature of the system

Answer

The energy of the system

Answer

The volume of the system