Immunity: The Body's Defense System - Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Kill pathogens directly

Answer

Detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Answer

Activate immune cells

Answer

Produce cytokines and chemokines

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Requires prior exposure to a pathogen

Answer

Immediate response

Answer

Non-specific response

Answer

Involves inflammation and phagocytosis

Question 3

What is the primary function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

To recognize and neutralize specific antigens

Answer

To directly kill pathogens

Answer

To activate the complement system

Answer

To stimulate phagocytosis

Question 4

Which type of vaccine utilizes a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen to stimulate antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Inactivated vaccine

Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Answer

Toxoid vaccine

Answer

Subunit vaccine

Question 5

What is the primary role of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Rapid recognition and response to previously encountered pathogens

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Complement protein activation

Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 6

Which of the following is a key regulator of the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines

Answer

Interleukins

Answer

Histamines

Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 7

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Transporting lymphocytes throughout the body

Answer

Filtering pathogens from the blood

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Activating complement proteins

Question 8

Which of the following is a form of cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell response

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Inflammation

Question 9

What is the main function of the complement system in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Promoting phagocytosis

Answer

Recognizing and binding to specific antigens

Answer

Directly killing pathogens

Answer

Stimulating antibody production

Question 10

Antibodies are produced by which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 11

Which of the following is the primary function of macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Engulfing pathogens

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Regulating immune responses

Answer

Differentiating into memory cells

Question 12

The process by which the body remembers and responds more effectively to a previously encountered pathogen is known as:

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Vaccination

Question 13

The first line of defense against pathogens entering the body is:

Accepted Answer

Skin and mucous membranes

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 14

The MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules present antigens to which type of cells?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 15

The process by which foreign antigens are processed and presented to immune cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Opsonization

Answer

Inflammation

Question 16

Which cell type is responsible for the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 17

What is a potential disadvantage of using live attenuated vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Potential to revert to a virulent form

Answer

Increased risk of severe side effects

Answer

Need for multiple doses to achieve immunity

Answer

Ineffective in immunocompromised individuals

Question 18

Which type of cytokine is involved in both innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interleukin-10

Question 19

What is the primary function of the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes

Answer

Production of antibodies

Answer

Storage of memory cells

Answer

Activation of B lymphocytes

Question 20

What is the role of T cells in cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

To directly kill infected cells

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To activate B lymphocytes

Answer

To phagocytose pathogens

Question 21

What is the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A series of events triggered by tissue damage or infection

Answer

The activation of the complement system

Answer

The production of antibodies

Answer

The migration of immune cells to the site of infection

Question 22

Which of the following is a cytokine?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-1

Answer

Antibody

Answer

T cell

Answer

Macrophage

Question 23

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Cell surface recognition

Answer

Inflammation

Question 24

Explain how complement proteins contribute to the adaptive immune response by enhancing antibody-mediated immunity and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins initiate the classical pathway, facilitating antibody-mediated lysis and opsonization of pathogens, thereby enhancing phagocytosis.

Answer

Complement proteins solely participate in the innate immune response, with no involvement in adaptive immunity.

Answer

Complement proteins primarily function as antigen-presenting molecules, aiding in the adaptive immune response.

Answer

Complement proteins enhance antibody-mediated immunity by suppressing B cell activation.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To protect the body from pathogens and diseases

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To transport nutrients

Answer

To secrete hormones

Question 26

The process by which the immune system recognizes and responds specifically to a pathogen is called:

Accepted Answer

Immunity

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Antibody response

Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 28

What is the primary role of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To recognize and bind to specific antigens

Answer

To destroy pathogens directly

Answer

To activate the complement cascade

Answer

To assist in phagocytosis

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Meningitis

Question 30

What are the primary components of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 31

The initial defense against pathogens is primarily provided by:

Accepted Answer

Unbroken skin and mucus membranes

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Phagocytosis by immune cells

Answer

Destruction by natural killer cells

Question 32

How do dendritic cells contribute to the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They ingest antigens, process them, and present antigen fragments to T cells.

Answer

They produce antibodies that neutralize antigens.

Answer

They release cytokines that activate other immune cells.

Answer

They engulf and destroy pathogens.

Question 33

Which option is NOT a recognized type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Inherent immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a key function of vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Completely eradicate pathogens from the body

Answer

Provide lasting immunity

Answer

Protect against multiple pathogen strains

Answer

Trigger an immune response

Question 35

The fundamental distinction between an antigen and an antibody is that:

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are produced by the body, while antigens by pathogens

Answer

Antigens are produced by the body, while antibodies by pathogens

Answer

Antigens are specific to a particular disease, while antibodies are not

Answer

Antibodies are specific to a particular disease, while antigens are not

Question 36

The thymus gland's primary role in the immune system is to:

Accepted Answer

Generate T cells

Answer

Produce B cells

Answer

Filter pathogens

Answer

Store antibodies

Question 37

Immunosuppressive therapy aims to:

Accepted Answer

Suppress the immune response

Answer

Enhance the immune response

Answer

Eliminate pathogens

Answer

Prevent allergic reactions

Question 38

How do cytokines contribute to the body's immune response against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines act as messengers, activating and recruiting immune cells to fight pathogens.

Answer

Cytokines solely produce antibodies to combat pathogens.

Answer

Cytokines directly destroy pathogens without involving other immune cells.

Answer

Cytokines are exclusively produced by white blood cells.

Question 39

Which of the following is the primary function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To defend the body against harmful pathogens and microorganisms

Answer

To digest food

Answer

To provide structural support

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 40

Which type of immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens or vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Acquired immunity

Answer

Passive immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Question 41

Which of the following is a type of acquired immunity mediated by antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer

Active immunity

Question 42

What is the role of macrophages in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To engulf and destroy pathogens by phagocytosis

Answer

To activate B cells

Answer

To regulate the immune response

Answer

To produce antibodies

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

To directly kill pathogens

Answer

To activate the complement system

Answer

To opsonize pathogens

Answer

To neutralize pathogens

Question 44

What is the purpose of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

To stimulate the immune system to develop immunity against specific pathogens

Answer

To cure autoimmune disorders

Answer

To treat active infections

Answer

To boost the immune system without targeting specific pathogens

Question 45

Which of the following is a risk factor for immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

HIV infection

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Stress reduction

Answer

Regular physical exercise

Question 46

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by immediate symptoms such as hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type III

Question 47

Which of the following is a mechanism of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Antibody production

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 48

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

T cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 49

Which of the following factors can impair the immune system's effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

A balanced diet

Question 50

What type of immunity is acquired after successfully recovering from an infection?

Accepted Answer

Natural active immunity

Answer

Natural passive immunity

Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 51

Which of the following is a key characteristic of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Specificity

Answer

Non-specificity

Answer

Short-lived protection

Answer

Immediate response

Question 52

What is the primary function of the complement system in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the immune response by lysing pathogens.

Answer

To produce antibodies

Answer

To activate T cells

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Fluid drainage

Answer

Fat absorption

Answer

Immune cell production

Question 54

Describe the fundamental difference between an antigen and an antibody.

Accepted Answer

An antigen is a foreign substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, while an antibody is a protein that specifically binds to and neutralizes antigens.

Answer

An antigen is produced by the body, while an antibody is foreign to the body.

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

Killing of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic T cells

Answer

Release of inflammatory chemicals by macrophages

Answer

Production of antibodies by B cells