Major Endocrine Glands: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Anatomy and Physiology I

Question 1

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 2

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating overall growth, bone maturation, and muscle development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

The endocrine gland that primarily regulates calcium metabolism and bone density is:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 5

The hormone that is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 6

The parathyroid glands are located on the:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Back of the neck

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Glucagon

Question 8

The hormone that stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is:

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 9

The hormone that promotes glucose uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues is:

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Aldosterone

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Somatotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 11

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Regulating metabolism and growth

Answer

Maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Controlling body temperature

Question 12

Which hormone is NOT produced by the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 14

What is the functional and structural unit of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Pancreatic islet

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain and moon face

Answer

Hypoglycemia and muscle weakness

Answer

Polyuria and polydipsia

Answer

Hypertension and anxiety

Question 16

What is the primary role of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulating calcium homeostasis

Answer

Controlling thyroid hormone levels

Answer

Stimulating insulin secretion

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 17

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone is responsible for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 18

When thyroid hormone levels in the blood drop, what does the pituitary gland do?

Accepted Answer

It releases more thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Answer

It releases less thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

Answer

It releases more thyroid hormone (TH).

Answer

It inhibits negative feedback in the HPT axis.

Question 19

Identify the gland known as the 'master gland' responsible for regulating other endocrine glands.

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 20

Select the primary function of the adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

Regulation of stress response

Answer

Control of blood glucose levels

Answer

Production of sex hormones

Answer

Synthesis of antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

Identify the hormone secreted by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Prolactin

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a target organ for parathyroid hormone's action?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Bones

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Intestines

Question 23

Which endocrine gland is situated near the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 24

Identify the primary function of antidiuretic hormone.

Accepted Answer

Enhancing water reabsorption by the kidneys

Answer

Stimulating the liver to release glucose

Answer

Lowering blood pressure

Answer

Raising heart rate

Question 25

State the main function of the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

Production of melatonin

Answer

Controlling blood pressure

Answer

Synthesizing thyroid hormones

Answer

Releasing growth hormone

Question 26

Which gland releases adrenaline and noradrenaline when the body experiences the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 27

Which hormone stimulates growth and development during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Question 28

When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases which hormone to lower them?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 29

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, is crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 30

Located at the base of the brain, which gland secretes hormones like prolactin and growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 31

Which gland is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon, hormones that regulate blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 32

When blood calcium levels drop, which hormone is released to promote bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 33

In response to high blood sugar levels, which hormone is produced to help lower glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 34

Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland is primarily responsible for regulating growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 35

Which hormone triggers the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 36

Which gland secretes the hormone that triggers the pituitary gland to release growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 37

Which branch of the nervous system triggers the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Central

Answer

Enteric

Question 38

Which hormone is responsible for directly stimulating the release of calcium from bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 39

Which hormone is responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by controlling sodium and potassium levels in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 40

Which of the following hormones, produced by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the release of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 41

Which hormone is primarily synthesized by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Insulin

Question 42

Which hormone, synthesized by the adrenal medulla, plays a crucial role in the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 43

Which hormone released from the pancreas promotes cellular uptake and utilization of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 44

Identify the gland responsible for secreting the hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 45

Which thyroid hormone, inactive in its initial form, is converted to the active hormone (T3) within target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 46

Which adrenal cortex hormone is primarily involved in regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 47

Identify the primary function of the hormone secreted by the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

Regulation of circadian rhythms

Answer

Control of blood glucose levels

Answer

Stimulation of growth hormone secretion

Answer

Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism

Question 48

Which hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Somatotropin (growth hormone)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 49

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 50

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 51

The parathyroid glands are responsible for producing a hormone that regulates:

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium levels

Answer

Stress hormone release

Answer

Thyroid hormone production

Answer

Blood glucose levels

Question 52

Which endocrine gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' due to its control over other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 53

Which hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, triggers the release of stress hormones from the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)

Answer

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 54

Glucagon and insulin, hormones that regulate blood glucose levels, are produced by the:

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 55

Which hormone plays a key role in regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 56

The 'fight-or-flight' response is primarily mediated by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 57

Which pituitary hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 58

The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting which hormone that plays a vital role in growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Question 59

Which hormone, produced primarily by the ovaries, is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone