Drug Absorption: Mechanisms and Factors Influencing Drug Entry into the Body

Question 1

The process by which a drug moves from its site of administration into the bloodstream is known as:

Accepted Answer

Drug absorption

Answer

Drug action

Answer

Drug metabolism

Answer

Drug elimination

Question 2

Bioavailability refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Percentage of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Concentration of a drug in the blood

Answer

Time it takes for a drug to take effect

Answer

Duration of a drug's action

Question 3

The first-pass effect refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Distribution of a drug to various tissues and organs

Answer

Excretion of a drug from the body

Answer

Absorption of a drug through the skin

Question 4

Which of the following is a type of passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 5

A patient has decreased gastric pH due to achlorhydria. Which strategy would enhance the absorption of a weak acid drug?

Accepted Answer

Administer the drug with enteric coating

Answer

Increase the dosing interval

Answer

Use a suppository for drug delivery

Answer

Give the drug in a more soluble form

Question 6

Which route of drug administration results in the most rapid absorption and greatest bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous (IV)

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer

Transdermal

Question 7

The process by which a drug moves from its site of administration into the bloodstream is known as:

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 8

Which route of administration results in the fastest and most complete drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 9

The bioavailability of a drug refers to:

Accepted Answer

The fraction of the administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

The time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration

Answer

The dose of a drug that produces the desired therapeutic effect

Answer

The duration of action of a drug

Question 10

The first-pass effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

The initial metabolism of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum concentration

Answer

The amount of drug that is excreted unchanged in the urine

Answer

The distribution of a drug to various body tissues

Question 11

Which of the following drugs has a high bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Heparin

Question 12

Which of the following IS NOT a mechanism of drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 13

Which route of administration leads to the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is most likely to be absorbed poorly when taken orally?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Atropine

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Warfarin

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a potential barrier to drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Skin

Answer

Mucous membranes

Answer

Stomach acids

Question 16

The process by which drugs move from the bloodstream into body tissues is called:

Accepted Answer

Distribution

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is considered to have a high bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Vaccines

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a well-established factor influencing drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Weather conditions

Answer

Route of administration

Answer

Physiological factors

Answer

Vehicle preparation

Question 19

Subcutaneous injection typically provides a _______ rate of absorption compared to intravenous injection.

Accepted Answer

Slower

Answer

Faster

Answer

Equal

Answer

Unpredictable

Question 20

Transdermal drug delivery systems primarily utilize which mechanism to enhance drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Iontophoresis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a potential advantage of intranasal drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Reduced cost compared to other routes

Answer

Avoids first-pass metabolism

Answer

Rapid onset of action

Answer

Improved patient compliance

Question 22

The bioavailability of a drug administered intramuscularly is typically _______ compared to intravenous administration.

Accepted Answer

Lower

Answer

Higher

Answer

Equal

Answer

Uncertain

Question 23

Which route of administration results in the most rapid drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Oral ingestion

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transdermal patch

Question 24

Which factor increases the rate of drug absorption across a biological membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increased surface area

Answer

Lower drug concentration gradient

Answer

Decreased membrane permeability

Answer

Lower temperature

Question 25

Which drug is primarily absorbed through passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Digoxin

Question 26

Which route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Sublingual administration

Answer

Oral ingestion

Answer

Intramuscular injection

Answer

Rectal administration

Question 27

Which consequence is associated with first-pass metabolism on drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Reduced drug bioavailability

Answer

Increased drug half-life

Answer

Enhanced drug efficacy

Answer

Delayed onset of action

Question 28

Which drug is likely to be absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Heparin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 29

Which route of drug administration allows for the avoidance of first-pass metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 30

What is the primary mechanism by which drugs are absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 31

Which drug exhibits a high degree of protein binding and a limited volume of distribution?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Morphine

Question 32

What is the primary mechanism for transporting drugs across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 33

Which route of drug administration is typically preferred for emergency situations?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Transdermal

Question 34

Which drug is commonly administered intravenously for the treatment of anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Answer

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

Answer

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Question 35

How do surfactants primarily enhance drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Reduce interfacial tension, aiding drug penetration through membranes

Answer

Increase drug solubility in water

Answer

Enhance membrane permeability

Answer

Promote drug ionization

Question 36

Discuss the impact of altered drug absorption on patient outcomes. Provide specific examples to illustrate your analysis.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic failure or increased adverse effects can result from altered drug absorption.

Answer

Drug absorption is exclusively relevant to orally administered medications.

Answer

Altered drug absorption has no implications for patient safety.

Question 37

Which route of administration offers the most rapid onset of drug action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration

Answer

Intramuscular administration

Answer

Subcutaneous administration

Answer

Oral administration

Question 38

Which route of administration is most suitable for delivering large volumes of fluids?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration

Answer

Intramuscular administration

Answer

Subcutaneous administration

Answer

Topical administration

Question 39

The passage of a drug from the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Question 40

Which route of drug administration provides the fastest absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 41

The ability of a drug to cross biological membranes is influenced by its:

Accepted Answer

Physicochemical properties

Answer

Dosage form

Answer

Route of administration

Question 42

Which of the following is a passive diffusion mechanism for drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Movement of drug molecules down a concentration gradient

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipophilic drugs?

Accepted Answer

They are poorly absorbed through biological membranes

Answer

They tend to bind to plasma proteins

Answer

They are more likely to be absorbed through passive diffusion

Question 44

The rate of drug absorption following intramuscular injection is primarily influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Blood flow to the injection site

Answer

Patient's body mass index

Answer

Drug solubility

Answer

Vehicle viscosity

Question 45

The bioavailability of a drug refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation

Answer

Amount of drug absorbed into the body

Answer

Rate at which a drug is eliminated from the body

Question 46

In which route of administration does the drug bypass the first-pass metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without energy expenditure

Answer

Requires a carrier protein

Question 48

What is the primary mechanism of absorption for highly water-soluble drugs?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 49

Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 50

What is the primary factor limiting the absorption of drugs administered by the rectal route?

Accepted Answer

Slow absorption rate due to low blood flow

Answer

Rectal irritation

Answer

First-pass metabolism

Answer

Vaginal absorption