Blood Pressure and Circulation: Master the Basics for Nursing

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT involved in regulating blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Release of antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly affects blood pressure in healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Systemic vascular resistance

Answer

Blood volume

Question 3

What is the main function of the baroreceptors?

Accepted Answer

To detect variations in blood pressure

Answer

To regulate heart rate

Answer

To maintain blood glucose levels

Answer

To release hormones

Question 4

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 5

The primary mechanism by which the heart increases cardiac output is through:

Accepted Answer

Enhanced stroke volume

Answer

Elevated heart rate

Answer

Increased preload

Answer

Increased afterload

Question 6

What is the primary role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

To elevate peripheral resistance

Answer

To increase blood volume

Answer

To reduce cardiac output

Answer

To decrease blood viscosity

Question 7

What is the purpose of calculating the pulse deficit?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the presence and extent of irregular heartbeats

Answer

To determine cardiac output

Answer

To measure blood pressure

Answer

To evaluate peripheral resistance

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences systemic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Blood viscosity

Answer

Vasodilation

Question 9

What is the primary function of the baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

To detect changes in blood pressure and adjust heart rate and blood vessel diameter

Answer

To release hormones

Answer

To pump blood

Answer

To constrict blood vessels

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of decreased cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Decreased systemic blood pressure

Answer

Increased systemic blood pressure

Answer

Unchanged systemic blood pressure

Answer

Increased stroke volume

Question 11

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

Accepted Answer

To regulate blood volume and electrolyte balance

Answer

To increase cardiac output

Answer

To decrease blood pressure

Answer

To constrict blood vessels

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 13

Which of the following interventions is NOT recommended for managing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased salt intake

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Maintaining a healthy weight

Answer

Smoking cessation

Question 14

Which of the following factors **decreases** blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased peripheral resistance

Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Increased blood volume

Answer

Increased sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 15

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls and smallest lumen?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Venules

Question 16

Which of the following is a reflex response that **increases** blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine release

Answer

Baroreceptor reflex

Answer

Carotid sinus reflex

Answer

Vagal stimulation

Question 17

What is the approximate average blood pressure in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

120/80 mmHg

Answer

100/60 mmHg

Answer

140/90 mmHg

Answer

160/100 mmHg

Question 18

What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

To increase blood volume and vasoconstriction, raising blood pressure

Answer

To decrease blood volume and vasodilation, lowering blood pressure

Answer

To regulate heart rate and contractility

Answer

To produce antidiuretic hormone

Question 19

What is the primary method used to measure blood pressure in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

Auscultation

Answer

Palpation

Answer

Doppler ultrasound

Answer

Tonometry

Question 20

Which is the primary hormonal regulator of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Bradykinin

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 21

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest middle layer (tunica media)?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Answer

Arteriole

Answer

Capillary

Answer

Venule

Question 22

Which of the following hormones constricts blood vessels, increasing blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Bradykinin

Question 23

In which organ is the blood-brain barrier located?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Answer

Liver

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Kidney

Question 24

Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatic vessels

Question 25

What is the term used to describe the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Arterial pressure

Answer

Pulse pressure

Answer

Cardiac output

Question 26

Which of the following is a property of capillaries that enables the exchange of nutrients and waste?

Accepted Answer

Thin walls

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Large diameter

Answer

Presence of valves

Question 27

What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and peripheral resistance

Answer

Decreases heart rate and peripheral resistance

Answer

Has no effect on blood pressure

Answer

Increases blood volume

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Kidney disease

Question 29

What is the function of the baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Detect changes in blood pressure and adjust heart rate and peripheral resistance accordingly

Answer

Produce hormones that regulate blood pressure

Answer

Pump blood throughout the body

Answer

Filter waste products from the blood

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a major factor influencing blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Blood vessel resistance

Answer

Blood volume

Question 31

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart to the body's tissues?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatic vessels

Question 32

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and blood vessel constriction

Answer

Decreases heart rate and blood vessel dilation

Answer

Has no effect on blood pressure

Answer

Decreases cardiac output

Question 33

What is the ideal range for systolic blood pressure in healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

120-140 mmHg

Answer

140-160 mmHg

Answer

160-180 mmHg

Answer

180-200 mmHg

Question 34

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Helps regulate fluid balance in the body

Answer

Transports nutrients and oxygen to tissues

Answer

Protects the body against infection

Answer

Produces red blood cells

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a typical mechanism of action for antihypertensive medications?

Accepted Answer

Increasing blood volume

Answer

Reducing heart rate

Answer

Dilating blood vessels

Answer

Blocking sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 36

What does the pulse pressure represent?

Accepted Answer

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer

The average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

Answer

The pressure exerted by the blood on the血管壁

Answer

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 37

Which of the following correctly describes the difference in blood pressure between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arterial blood pressure is generally higher than venous blood pressure.

Answer

Venous blood pressure is generally higher than arterial blood pressure.

Answer

Arterial and venous blood pressure are typically equal.

Question 38

How does the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulate blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels

Answer

Increases heart rate and dilates blood vessels

Answer

Decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels

Answer

Decreases heart rate and constricts blood vessels

Question 39

Which blood vessel type has the thickest walls and carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Question 40

Which blood vessel type facilitates the exchange of substances between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Arterioles

Answer

Arteries

Question 41

When measuring blood pressure, the first number recorded represents:

Accepted Answer

Systolic pressure

Answer

Diastolic pressure

Answer

Pulmonary artery pressure

Answer

Mean arterial pressure

Question 42

Which factor can contribute to the development of hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Low stress levels

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 43

The difference in pressure between the arteries and veins is crucial for:

Accepted Answer

Maintaining blood flow

Answer

Temperature maintenance

Answer

Osmotic balance

Answer

pH regulation

Question 44

Which layer of a blood vessel wall is responsible for adjusting its diameter?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Answer

Endothelium

Answer

Tunica intima

Answer

Tunica adventitia

Question 45

Which blood vessel carries blood that is low in oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Vena cava

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Coronary artery

Answer

Aorta

Question 46

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and elevating heart rate

Answer

Has no significant effect on blood pressure regulation

Answer

Decreases blood pressure by causing vasodilation and lowering heart rate

Question 47

Which type of blood vessel facilitates the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Lymphatics

Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Question 48

Blood pressure refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels

Answer

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Answer

Pressure within the heart's chambers

Answer

Resistance to blood flow in blood vessels

Question 49

Which factor primarily influences the resistance to blood flow in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel diameter

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Cardiac output

Answer

Blood viscosity

Question 50

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to:

Accepted Answer

Transport substances throughout the body, including nutrients, oxygen, and waste products

Answer

Protect the body from pathogens

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Question 51

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Systolic pressure measures blood pressure during heart contraction, while diastolic pressure measures pressure during heart relaxation

Answer

Systolic pressure measures pressure in arteries, while diastolic pressure measures pressure in veins

Question 52

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling water retention?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Renin

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 53

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Low dietary sodium intake

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

Regular physical activity