Digestive System Structure and Function Quizzes | Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following is **NOT** a function of the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Digesting nutrients

Answer

Transporting food from the mouth to the stomach

Answer

Secreting mucus to lubricate food

Answer

Storing food temporarily

Question 2

Which hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Insulin

Question 3

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Sucrase

Question 4

Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Jejunum

Answer

Duodenum

Answer

Ileum

Answer

Cecum

Question 5

Which of the following substances is **NOT** absorbed in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Water

Answer

Electrolytes

Answer

Vitamins

Question 6

Which muscle layer in the digestive system is responsible for contracting and propelling food forward?

Accepted Answer

Circular layer

Answer

Longitudinal layer

Answer

Oblique layer

Answer

Serosal layer

Question 7

Which of the following is a common digestive disorder characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining?

Accepted Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 8

Which type of cell in the pancreas produces insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Alpha cells

Answer

Delta cells

Answer

Epsilon cells

Question 9

Which of the following is **NOT** a function of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Releasing digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Answer

Storing bile

Answer

Concentrating bile

Answer

Releasing bile into the duodenum

Question 10

Which hormone stimulates the production and secretion of gastric juices?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Insulin

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Answer

Presence of villi for absorption

Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer

Shorter in length than the small intestine

Question 12

Which enzyme initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Pepsin

Question 13

The rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are known as:

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Villi

Answer

Microvilli

Question 14

Which layer of the digestive tract wall is primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Answer

Submucosa

Answer

Muscularis

Answer

Serosa

Question 15

The appendix, a small organ attached to the large intestine, has a well-defined role in human digestion. True or False?

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 16

Which function is NOT performed by the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Secreting acids and enzymes for digestion

Answer

Transporting food from the mouth to the stomach

Answer

Propelling food toward the stomach through peristaltic contractions

Answer

Lubricating the passage of food

Question 17

In which part of the digestive tract does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Mouth

Answer

Esophagus

Answer

Stomach

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Insulin

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing surface area for efficient absorption

Answer

Secreting enzymes for digestion

Answer

Absorbing water and electrolytes

Answer

Transporting nutrients

Question 20

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing water, electrolytes, and vitamins

Answer

Digesting complex carbohydrates

Answer

Neutralizing gastric acids

Answer

Producing enzymes for digestion

Question 21

Which type of digestion occurs within the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Both mechanical and chemical digestion

Answer

Mechanical digestion only

Answer

Chemical digestion only

Answer

Enzymatic digestion only

Question 22

Identify the valve that prevents the backflow of food into the esophagus.

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer

Ileocecal valve

Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Answer

Anal sphincter

Question 23

Which enzyme is primarily involved in protein digestion?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Sucrase

Question 24

What is the primary role of the liver in the process of digestion?

Accepted Answer

Producing bile

Answer

Storing glucose as glycogen

Answer

Synthesizing digestive enzymes

Answer

Absorbing nutrients

Question 25

Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Mouth

Question 26

What is the main purpose of the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

To transport food to the stomach

Answer

To break down food mechanically

Answer

To digest food chemically

Answer

To absorb water and electrolytes

Question 27

Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Insulin

Question 28

What is the primary function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for enhanced nutrient absorption

Answer

To secrete enzymes for digestion

Answer

To transport food through the intestine

Answer

To store excess nutrients

Question 29

Anatomically, where is the pancreas located in relation to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Posterior to the duodenum

Answer

Inferior to the duodenum

Answer

Lateral to the duodenum

Answer

Anterior to the duodenum

Question 30

What is the primary role of the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

To prevent food from entering the larynx

Answer

To secrete mucus to lubricate the throat

Answer

To assist in speech production

Answer

To control the flow of saliva

Question 31

What is the main purpose of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

To store and concentrate bile

Answer

To produce bile

Answer

To transport bile to the duodenum

Answer

To absorb bile acids

Question 32

Which enzyme in saliva initiates the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Trypsin

Question 33

Which hormone stimulates the release of gastric juices in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Food storage

Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Water absorption

Answer

Vitamin synthesis

Question 35

What type of tissue lines the inner surface of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Answer

Submucosa

Answer

Muscularis externa

Answer

Serosa

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin to regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

Filtering toxins from the blood

Answer

Producing bile to aid in fat digestion

Answer

Storing excess glucose as glycogen

Question 37

How does the colon contribute to maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, a crucial aspect of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Absorbs water and electrolytes, preventing dehydration.

Answer

Breaks down complex proteins using enzymes.

Answer

Regulates blood glucose levels by releasing hormones.

Answer

Stores waste and triggers defecation.

Question 38

How do digestive disorders affect the body beyond the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

They can disrupt nutrient absorption, leading to malnutrition and other health issues.

Answer

They have no systemic effects beyond the digestive tract.

Answer

They primarily affect the gastrointestinal system, with minimal impact on other organs.

Answer

They solely cause localized pain and discomfort, without broader health consequences.

Question 39

Which of the following accurately describes the cellular structure of the gastric mucosa, allowing it to endure the acidic environment of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A thick layer of mucus-secreting goblet cells and bicarbonate-producing parietal cells

Answer

A single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer

Specialized tight junctions between epithelial cells

Question 40

Besides initiating carbohydrate breakdown, what are two other essential functions of saliva in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Lubricating food for easy swallowing and protecting teeth from decay

Answer

Producing enzymes that break down fats and proteins

Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid and aiding in the absorption of nutrients

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels and stimulating the release of digestive enzymes

Question 41

Which of the following is the first part of the small intestine, responsible for receiving chyme from the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum

Answer

Jejunum

Answer

Ileum

Question 42

What is the primary function of the esophagus, a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach, aiding in swallowing

Answer

Eliminates waste

Answer

Absorbs nutrients

Answer

Regulates body temperature

Question 43

Which hormone, produced by G cells in the stomach lining, stimulates the production and secretion of gastric juices?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 44

What type of involuntary muscle is primarily found in the walls of the digestive tract, enabling peristalsis and other digestive movements?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Voluntary muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 45

What is the primary function of the finger-like projections called villi that line the inner surface of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Increase the surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients from digested food

Answer

Transport waste products

Answer

Regulate fluid balance

Answer

Produce digestive enzymes

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine, also known as the colon?

Accepted Answer

Digests carbohydrates

Answer

Eliminates feces

Answer

Stores waste before elimination

Answer

Absorbs water and electrolytes

Question 47

In addition to producing digestive enzymes, what other important hormone does the pancreas secrete to regulate blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Eliminates waste

Answer

Absorbs nutrients

Answer

Stores bile

Question 48

Which sphincter, located at the inferior end of the esophagus, prevents the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus during digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer

Pyloric sphincter

Answer

Anal sphincter

Answer

Ileocecal valve

Question 49

Once nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine, what is the common pathway through which they are ultimately transported to the body's cells?

Accepted Answer

Bloodstream

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Lymphatic system

Answer

Digestive tract

Question 50

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the majority of the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other essential micronutrients from food?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Mouth