Nervous System Structure and Function: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

The brain and spinal cord constitute which part of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 2

Which pathway is responsible for voluntary movement commands from the brain to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Descending motor pathway

Answer

Ascending sensory pathway

Answer

Autonomic reflex pathway

Answer

Sympathetic pathway

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into which two divisions?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer

Sensorimotor and sensory

Answer

Central and peripheral

Answer

Somatic and visceral

Question 4

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions such as memory and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Answer

Neurotransmitter release

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

激素分泌

Question 6

Which type of cell is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Question 7

Which ion pump is primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Calcium-magnesium pump

Answer

Chloride-bicarbonate pump

Answer

Sodium-calcium exchanger

Question 8

The fundamental function of the nervous system is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate bodily functions

Answer

Transport nutrients

Answer

Defend against pathogens

Answer

Facilitate muscle movement

Question 9

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 10

The gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic cleft

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Axon hillock

Answer

Cell body

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in excitatory signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 12

The central canal of the spinal cord contains:

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Blood vessels

Answer

Nerve fibers

Answer

Gray matter

Question 13

The term 'plasticity' in the context of the nervous system refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability to adapt and change

Answer

The electrical properties of neurons

Answer

The structure of synapses

Answer

The growth of new neurons

Question 14

Which of the following is a disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Question 15

The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses

Answer

Conserving energy

Answer

Regulating digestion

Answer

Controlling body temperature

Question 16

Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements?

Accepted Answer

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 17

The fundamental unit of structure and function in the nervous system is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Nerve

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Astrocyte

Question 18

Which type of neuron transmits electrical signals away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 19

What is the main purpose of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

To protect and insulate axons, increasing the speed of impulse transmission

Answer

To transmit electrical impulses along the axon

Answer

To regulate the release of neurotransmitters

Answer

To regenerate damaged neurons

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the "fight or flight" response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Question 21

Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 22

The peripheral nervous system is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic and somatic nerves

Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Answer

Sensory and motor nerves

Answer

Central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 23

The ability of the brain to adapt and recover from injury is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Glial cell activation

Question 24

Which of the following disorders involves a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 25

In the autonomic nervous system, which primary function is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Increasing heart rate and enlarging pupils

Answer

Conserving energy and slowing heart rate

Answer

Enhancing digestion and narrowing blood vessels

Answer

Regulating body temperature and maintaining overall balance

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of food particles

Answer

Communication between different parts of the body

Answer

Control of movement

Answer

Maintenance of homeostasis

Question 27

The protective layers covering the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 28

Neurons that carry signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system are called:

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons

Answer

Motor neurons

Answer

Interneurons

Answer

Glial cells

Question 29

The process by which neurotransmitters are released from the neuron is known as:

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 30

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 31

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion is the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 32

Exclude the non-neuronal cell type from the following:

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Question 33

Identify the process by which neurons communicate signals:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Axonal transport

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Glial cell differentiation

Question 34

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in inhibiting neural activity?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 35

Which brain region is responsible for complex cognitive processes, including memory and executive function?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Limbic system

Question 36

Which disorder involves tremors, rigidity, and movement impairments?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 37

Identify the primary sensory organ for sight:

Accepted Answer

Eyes

Answer

Ears

Answer

Nose

Answer

Tongue

Question 38

Which division of the nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 39

Identify the structural and functional distinctions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Accepted Answer

The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all other nerves.

Accepted Answer

The CNS is protected by the skull and vertebrae, while the PNS lacks such protection.

Answer

The PNS is responsible for voluntary movements, while the CNS controls involuntary functions.

Answer

The PNS consists of sensory and motor neurons, while the CNS solely contains motor neurons.

Question 40

What is the primary function of the nervous system, and how does it achieve this role in coordinating essential bodily processes?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis by coordinating responses to internal and external stimuli

Answer

To secrete hormones that regulate various bodily functions

Answer

To facilitate oxygen and nutrient transport throughout the body

Answer

To digest food and absorb nutrients

Question 41

What is the primary responsibility of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting nerve signals between the brain and peripheral nerves.

Answer

Producing hormones.

Answer

Controlling body temperature.

Question 42

Which type of neuron sends motor signals from the brain to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 43

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating movement and balance.

Answer

Processing sensory information.

Answer

Controlling respiration.

Answer

Regulating body temperature.

Question 44

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for triggering the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Answer

Enteric division

Answer

Parasympathetic division

Answer

Somatic division

Question 45

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 46

Which type of glial cell provides myelin insulation to axons in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Ependymal cell

Answer

Microglia

Question 47

What is the blood-brain barrier's primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the brain by preventing certain substances from entering.

Answer

Preventing infections from spreading from the brain to the rest of the body.

Answer

Allowing nutrients to be exchanged between the blood and the brain.

Question 48

Which of the following actions is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Dilating pupils

Answer

Stimulating digestion

Answer

Contracting the bladder

Answer

Decreasing heart rate

Question 49

What is the reticular formation's main function?

Accepted Answer

Controlling consciousness and arousal.

Answer

Processing sensory information.

Answer

Coordinating movement.

Answer

Regulating body temperature.