Reproductive Systems: Structure, Function, and Role in Reproduction

Question 1

Which hormone surge triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating nitrogenous waste

Answer

Producing and releasing mature eggs

Answer

Providing a suitable environment for fertilization and embryo development

Answer

Secreting hormones involved in reproductive processes

Question 3

Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in males?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 4

Which female reproductive organ is responsible for producing and releasing eggs?

Accepted Answer

Ovary

Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Vagina

Question 5

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum that forms after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 7

Which male organ is responsible for producing mature sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Testes

Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Prostate gland

Question 8

Which structure in the female reproductive system produces eggs?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Uterus

Question 9

Which hormone is the primary driver of female secondary sex characteristic development during puberty, including breast growth and pubic hair appearance?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 10

In the male reproductive system, which organ is primarily responsible for producing sperm?

Accepted Answer

Testes

Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Seminal vesicles

Answer

Prostate gland

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for developing and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics in females?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 12

What is a primary function of the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

Store and mature sperm

Answer

Produce sperm

Answer

Fertilize eggs

Answer

Produce testosterone

Question 13

Within the female reproductive cycle, the corpus luteum primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Secrete hormones such as progesterone to thicken the uterine lining, promoting implantation of a potential fertilized egg.

Answer

Release follicle-stimulating hormones to initiate the growth of follicles within the ovaries.

Answer

Produce estrogen, which fosters the development of secondary characteristics associated with sexual maturity.

Answer

Secrete luteinizing hormones to induce ovulation, releasing an oocyte from the ovary.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a structure found in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Penis

Question 15

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 16

Which hormone directly triggers ovulation during the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 17

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 18

Which hormone directly triggers the release of a mature egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 19

What is the main purpose of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

To produce sperm

Answer

To control female hormone production

Answer

To enable fertilization

Answer

To provide protection for the developing embryo

Question 20

Which organ is NOT part of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Testes

Answer

Urethra

Answer

Epididymis

Question 21

Which hormone is the primary trigger for ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 22

Which hormone triggers the release of an egg from the ovary during ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 23

Which hormone triggers the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

Transporting sperm to the vas deferens

Answer

Providing a site for sperm maturation

Answer

Storing sperm until ejaculation

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Excrete waste

Answer

Produce sperm

Answer

Transport and store sperm

Answer

Produce hormones

Question 26

Which hormone prevents the Mullerian ducts from developing into female reproductive structures during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Mullerian-inhibiting substance

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 27

During fertilization, which structure is essential in preventing multiple sperm from entering the egg?

Accepted Answer

Zona pellucida

Answer

Acrosome

Answer

Corona radiata

Answer

Vitelline membrane

Question 28

Which hormone is the primary trigger for oocyte maturation and release from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 29

Which hormone is responsible for the development of male reproductive structures from the Wolffian ducts during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 30

Which organ produces both estrogen and progesterone?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Cervix

Question 31

Which hormone is essential for thickening and increasing blood flow to the uterine lining, preparing it for implantation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 32

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing a fluid that provides lubrication during sexual arousal?

Accepted Answer

Bulbourethral glands

Answer

Seminal vesicles

Answer

Prostate gland

Answer

Epididymis

Question 33

Within the female reproductive system, which structure is the primary location where fertilization occurs?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Vagina

Question 34

Compare and contrast the functions of the epididymis and the vas deferens in the male reproductive system.

Accepted Answer

The epididymis primarily stores sperm, while the vas deferens transports sperm to the urethra during ejaculation.

Answer

The vas deferens secretes seminal fluid, while the epididymis produces and absorbs testosterone.

Answer

Both the epididymis and vas deferens produce sperm.

Answer

The epididymis and vas deferens have no significant functional differences.

Question 35

Which factors can influence fertility in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Age, lifestyle choices (such as smoking), and stress

Answer

Obesity in males only

Answer

Environmental pollutants

Question 36

What is the first step in the development of the male reproductive system during the embryonic stage?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the testes

Answer

Development of the seminal vesicles

Answer

Production of testosterone

Answer

Development of the epididymis

Question 37

Which hormone is essential for preparing the uterus for pregnancy by developing and maintaining its lining?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 38

Which hormone is the primary trigger for ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 39

Which function is NOT performed by the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Producing seminal fluid

Answer

Storing sperm

Answer

Maturing sperm

Answer

Transporting sperm

Question 40

In the female reproductive system, which organ is responsible for producing and releasing eggs during ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Ovaries

Answer

Fallopian tubes

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Cervix

Question 41

Which hormone is the primary initiator of ovarian follicle development and growth?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 42

Explain the mechanisms of fertilization, including the role of the zona pellucida, acrosome reaction, and cortical reaction in preventing polyspermy.

Accepted Answer

The cortical reaction releases enzymes that harden the zona pellucida, preventing additional sperm from entering the egg.

Answer

The zona pellucida undergoes the acrosome reaction, releasing enzymes that digest the sperm's plasma membrane, allowing it to penetrate the egg.

Answer

The acrosome reaction releases enzymes that dissolve the zona pellucida, allowing multiple sperm to enter the egg.

Answer

The zona pellucida releases enzymes that attract sperm, guiding them towards the egg.

Question 43

Which event occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Uterine lining thickens and becomes more vascularized.

Answer

Primary follicle matures and releases an egg.

Answer

Corpus luteum develops and secretes progesterone.

Answer

Uterine lining is shed through menstruation.

Question 44

During embryonic development, the presence of the Y-chromosome triggers the production of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH). What is the primary function of AMH in male sex differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Causes the regression of the Wolffian ducts, preventing the formation of female internal reproductive organs.

Answer

Stimulates the development of the Müllerian ducts into the uterus and vagina.

Answer

Promotes the differentiation of the gonads into ovaries.

Answer

Stimulates the production of testosterone, which supports the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 45

Which hormone triggers the growth of breasts in females during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

FSH

Question 46

In the context of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), which ethical concern should be considered paramount?

Accepted Answer

Respecting the autonomy of individuals involved

Answer

Prioritizing cost-effectiveness

Answer

Adhering to religious doctrines

Answer

Ensuring equal access to ARTs

Question 47

What factors can affect fertility in both men and women?

Accepted Answer

Age, lifestyle, and genetics

Answer

Age only

Answer

Genetics only

Answer

Lifestyle only

Question 48

What is the primary function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

To provide a storage environment for mature sperm

Accepted Answer

To facilitate sperm maturation and enhance their motility

Answer

To produce seminal fluid

Question 49

Which function is NOT associated with the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

Production of seminal fluid

Answer

Storage of sperm

Answer

Maturation of sperm

Answer

Transport of sperm

Question 50

Which hormone triggers ovulation in females?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 51

Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Vagina

Answer

Cervix

Question 52

Which structure secretes prostatic fluid, a component of semen?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland

Answer

Seminal vesicles

Answer

Cowper's glands

Answer

Bulbourethral glands

Question 53

Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Testosterone

Question 54

Which of these is a reliable method of contraception?

Accepted Answer

Condom

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 55

Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for sperm production?

Accepted Answer

Testis

Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Seminal vesicles

Question 56

Which structure transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Uterine tube

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Vagina

Question 57

In the male reproductive system, which organ is solely responsible for the production of sperm?

Accepted Answer

Testes

Answer

Epididymis

Answer

Vas deferens

Answer

Seminal vesicles

Question 58

Which listed option is not considered to be a function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Generating sperm cells

Answer

Facilitating nutrient exchange

Answer

Eliminating waste products

Answer

Producing various hormones

Question 59

What is the term used to describe the process involving the maturation and release of an egg from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Implantation

Answer

Menstruation

Question 60

Which pair of structures represents the accessory sex glands in male anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Answer

Cowper's glands and epididymis

Answer

Vas deferens and testes

Answer

Ejaculatory ducts and urethra

Question 61

In the female reproductive system, which structure serves as the passageway connecting the uterus to the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Answer

Ureter

Answer

Cervix

Answer

Vagina

Question 62

Which of the following factors is not considered a risk factor for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining proper hygiene practices

Answer

Unprotected sexual activity

Answer

Sharing needles for drug use

Answer

Having multiple sexual partners

Question 63

During the menstrual cycle, which structure is responsible for primarily producing progesterone?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Answer

Ovary

Answer

Uterus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 64

Which contraceptive method consistently demonstrates the highest effectiveness in preventing pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Answer

Condoms

Answer

Birth control pills

Answer

Withdrawal method