Bones: Structure and Function - Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Question 1

Which specialized cells are responsible for breaking down and reabsorbing bone tissue as part of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 2

Distinctive features of long bones include:

Accepted Answer

Elongated and cylindrical shape with a central medullary cavity

Answer

Flat and thin structure, providing protection for organs

Answer

Irregular form with numerous projections and depressions

Answer

Short and stocky with minimal medullary space

Question 3

The primary mineral that gives bones their rigidity and strength is:

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Question 4

The diaphysis of a long bone refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Hollow central shaft that contains the medullary cavity

Answer

Expanded ends of the bone that articulate with other bones

Answer

Narrow, constricted region between the epiphyses

Answer

Outermost layer of the bone that covers and protects it

Question 5

Which hormone is known to stimulate the breakdown of bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 6

The process of forming new bone tissue is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ossification

Answer

Remodeling

Answer

Resorption

Answer

Calcification

Question 7

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for building new bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Answer

Osteoclast

Answer

Chondroblast

Answer

Fibroblast

Question 8

Which of the following hormones primarily promotes the breakdown of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 9

Which type of joint permits the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Condyloid joint

Question 10

Which of the following is the largest and strongest bone in the lower extremity?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Fibula

Answer

Patella

Question 11

What is the name of the innermost membrane lining the bone's internal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Synovium

Answer

Meniscus

Question 12

What type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down and resorbing bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondroblasts

Question 13

Which type of bone marking indicates a smooth, rounded surface for articulation with another bone?

Accepted Answer

Condyle

Answer

Facet

Answer

Foramen

Answer

Trochanter

Question 14

In which zone of the growth plate are chondrocytes actively dividing?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative zone

Answer

Resting zone

Answer

Hypertrophic zone

Answer

Calcified zone

Question 15

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion, including flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 16

Which hormone promotes the release of calcium from bone and increases osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 17

Which of the following factors is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Regular weight-bearing exercise

Answer

Sedentary lifestyle

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 18

Which imaging technique is considered the gold standard for measuring bone mineral density?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 19

Which cell type is NOT found in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblast

Answer

Osteoblast

Answer

Osteocyte

Answer

Osteoclast

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Providing structural support and protection

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Storing and releasing minerals

Question 21

Which bone cell type is responsible for the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 22

What is the name of the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones and is involved in bone formation and resorption?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 23

Which of the following is not a recognized function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Providing support and framework for the body

Answer

Facilitating movement through muscle attachment

Answer

Protecting vital organs from injury

Question 24

Which of the following bones is the longest and strongest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Answer

Tibia

Answer

Fibula

Answer

Humerus

Question 25

What is the condition characterized by decreased bone density, making bones weak and susceptible to fractures, often associated with calcium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Paget's disease

Answer

Rickets

Question 26

Which hormone is essential for bone growth and development, promoting the formation and mineralization of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 27

Which type of bone is characterized by its small size and cube-like shape, and is commonly found in the wrist and ankle?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Answer

Long bone

Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Irregular bone

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones in the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing blood cells

Answer

Providing support

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Protecting internal organs

Question 29

The primary mineral that gives bones their strength and hardness is:

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Humerus

Answer

Clavicle

Answer

Vertebra

Answer

Scapula

Question 31

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 32

Which bone cell is responsible for maintaining bone mass and regulating bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 33

How does the unique structure of spongy bone, with its interconnected network of trabeculae, contribute to its shock-absorbing properties?

Accepted Answer

The trabeculae form a flexible network, absorbing and dissipating shock.

Answer

The trabeculae create a rigid framework that resists shock.

Answer

The trabeculae are filled with bone marrow, which acts as a cushion.

Answer

The trabeculae are made of dense, compact bone, which is highly resistant to shock.

Question 34

How does endochondral ossification occur?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is replaced by bone through a bone collar and ossification

Answer

Bone marrow is directly converted into bone

Answer

New bone forms from existing bone cells

Answer

Bone is replaced by cartilage

Question 35

What are the primary functions of bones?

Accepted Answer

Support the body

Accepted Answer

Protect internal organs

Accepted Answer

Facilitate movement

Answer

Produce red blood cells

Question 36

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down and reabsorbing bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 37

Which characteristic is distinctive of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Has a dense arrangement of collagen fibers

Answer

Contains numerous blood vessels

Answer

Comprises small, fluid-filled spaces called lacunae

Answer

Consists primarily of cartilage

Question 38

In the human skull, which type of bone is predominantly found?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Long bone

Answer

Short bone

Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 39

Which of the following minerals is NOT a major constituent of bone?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Phosphorus

Answer

Magnesium

Question 40

Which hormone primarily promotes bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 41

Which function is NOT associated with bones?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating respiration

Answer

Providing support

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Offering protection

Question 42

Which cells in bones are responsible for breaking down bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 43

Which protein is primarily responsible for the strength and flexibility of bones?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Osteonectin

Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 44

Which bone type includes the sternum?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Long bone

Answer

Irregular bone

Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 45

Which type of joint allows movement between a long bone and a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Saddle joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Question 46

Which part of a long bone is covered in articular cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Metaphysis

Answer

Periosteum

Question 47

Which hormone promotes bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 48

Which condition is characterized by reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Paget's disease

Question 49

Which type of bone cell is responsible for the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Osteocytes

Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 50

Which primary function is associated with compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Strength and rigidity of bones

Answer

Mineral storage

Answer

Blood cell production

Answer

Muscle attachment

Question 51

Which type of joint permits the widest range of motion, such as rotation and flexion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Fibrous joint

Answer

Cartilaginous joint

Answer

Synovial joint

Question 52

What process describes the formation of new bone tissue by adding layers onto an existing bone surface?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Answer

Endochondral ossification

Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 53

Which deficiency disease is characterized by weakened and fragile bones, often leading to skeletal deformities?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Answer

Providing support and protection

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Storing minerals

Question 55

Which type of bone tissue is responsible for bone growth and healing?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Spongy bone

Answer

Osteocytes

Question 56

Which of the following is a characteristic of flat bones?

Accepted Answer

Thin and broad

Answer

Long and cylindrical

Answer

Irregular in shape

Answer

Primarily found in the axial skeleton

Question 57

Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Pivot joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 58

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood and promoting bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 59

What condition is characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Osteopenia

Answer

Rickets

Question 60

Which of the following is the outermost layer of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Answer

Endosteum

Answer

Diaphysis

Answer

Epiphysis

Question 61

Classify the vertebra as a type of:

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Answer

Long bone

Answer

Flat bone

Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 62

Determine the role of the growth plate in long bones:

Accepted Answer

Bone elongation

Answer

Production of cartilage

Answer

Formation of blood cells

Answer

Deposition of minerals

Question 63

Indicate the contents of the medullary cavity in a long bone:

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Cartilage

Answer

Compact bone

Answer

Trabecular bone

Question 64

Define the characteristic feature of osteoporosis:

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone density

Answer

Increased bone mass

Answer

Abnormal bone shape

Answer

Excessive cartilage production