Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action associated with antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine receptor agonism

Answer

Sodium channel blockade

Answer

Potassium channel blockade

Answer

Calcium channel blockade

Question 2

Which of these medications is a calcium channel blocker used to treat angina?

Accepted Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Atenolol

Question 3

Which of the following medications is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina?

Accepted Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Question 4

Which mechanisms of action are used by antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Block sodium channels

Accepted Answer

Block calcium channels

Accepted Answer

Activate potassium channels

Answer

Stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 5

Which of the following medications is **NOT** a calcium channel blocker?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Nifedipine

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers primarily block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing catecholamine effects on tissues.

Answer

Beta-blockers primarily inhibit calcium channels, reducing calcium influx into cells.

Answer

Beta-blockers primarily inhibit sodium-potassium pumps, regulating ion movement across cell membranes.

Answer

Beta-blockers primarily activate alpha-adrenergic receptors, counteracting beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Question 7

Diuretics are commonly prescribed to treat fluid retention. Which of the following is NOT a valid indication for the use of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer

Edema

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Ascites

Question 8

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of cardiac glycosides?

Accepted Answer

Sick sinus syndrome

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 9

In clinical practice, the primary indication for antiplatelet drugs is to prevent:

Accepted Answer

Arterial Thrombosis

Answer

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Answer

Heart Failure

Question 10

Which of these medications is a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Losartan

Answer

Amiodarone

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of ezetimibe?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits bile acid absorption in the intestine

Answer

Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Answer

Increases cholesterol excretion in bile

Answer

Enhances LDL receptor activity in the liver

Question 12

What is the main way Class I antiarrhythmic drugs work?

Accepted Answer

Block sodium channels in the heart

Answer

Block calcium channels in the heart

Answer

Lengthen the heart's electrical signal

Answer

Speed up the heart rate

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of the sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Delay of sodium channel inactivation

Answer

Reduction of potassium channel conductance

Question 14

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs primarily act by:

Accepted Answer

Prolonging the cardiac action potential duration

Answer

Blocking fast sodium channels in the heart

Answer

Enhancing vagal nerve activity in the heart

Answer

Inhibiting calcium channels in the heart

Question 15

Which of the following is an ACE inhibitor commonly used to treat high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Captopril

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Furosemide

Question 16

In the initial treatment of arrhythmias, which drug class is primarily utilized?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 17

To prevent angina attacks, which antianginal drug class is primarily indicated?

Accepted Answer

Nitrates

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Cardiac glycosides

Answer

Anticoagulants

Question 18

Which antiarrhythmic drug primarily blocks sodium channels in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Lidocaine

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Amiodarone

Answer

Propranolol

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for antiarrhythmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing potassium conductance

Answer

Blocking sodium channels

Answer

Prolonging the refractory period

Answer

Blocking calcium channels

Question 20

In the context of heart failure, what is the primary mechanism by which inotropes exert their therapeutic effects?

Accepted Answer

Increase myocardial contractility

Answer

Enhance myocardial perfusion

Answer

Reduce systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular filling pressure

Question 21

Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol levels. What is their primary mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Reducing cholesterol synthesis in the liver

Answer

Inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine

Answer

Increasing cholesterol excretion in the bile

Answer

Enhancing cholesterol transport to the liver

Question 22

Which of the following medications used to treat high blood pressure is a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Furosemide

Question 23

Which mechanism best describes the primary action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blocking beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels

Answer

Stimulating alpha-1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Answer

Inhibiting renin release, reducing angiotensin II production and vasoconstriction

Question 24

Which mechanism best describes the primary action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Increased sympathetic outflow

Answer

Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of nitric oxide synthase

Question 25

During vasodilator therapy, which nursing action is crucial to prioritize patient safety?

Accepted Answer

Monitor the patient's blood pressure closely, especially during the initial phase of vasodilator therapy.

Answer

Administer vasodilators rapidly via intravenous push to achieve quick vasodilation.

Answer

Allow the patient to walk freely without assistance to prevent orthostatic hypotension.

Answer

Discontinue vasodilator therapy immediately if adverse effects arise.

Question 26

Which of the following is a first-line antihypertensive medication for African Americans, as recommended by guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Losartan

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Diltiazem

Question 27

An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is prescribed for a patient with hypertension. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant to this patient's care?

Accepted Answer

Risk for impaired renal function, as ACE inhibitors can affect kidney function

Answer

Deficient knowledge related to the medication regimen and its implications

Answer

Ineffective tissue perfusion, as hypertension can lead to impaired circulation

Answer

Activity intolerance, as hypertension can cause fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance

Question 28

Asthma is a contraindication to the use of which class of cardiovascular medications?

Accepted Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Nitrates

Question 29

Which nursing action is most important when administering digoxin to a patient with heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for toxicity

Answer

Ensuring adequate fluid intake

Answer

Tapering the dose gradually

Answer

Administering it with food

Question 30

Which potential adverse effect of warfarin therapy requires immediate medical attention?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 31

What is the primary mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in treating angina?

Accepted Answer

Dilating blood vessels

Answer

Increasing blood flow to the heart

Answer

Decreasing heart rate

Answer

Blocking sodium channels

Question 32

Which of the following is a therapeutic goal of diuretic therapy in heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Reducing fluid overload

Answer

Improving cardiac output

Answer

Increasing blood pressure

Answer

Preventing blood clots

Question 33

Revised: For a patient with heart failure prescribed furosemide, which nursing intervention is most critical?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Close monitoring for electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Administering the medication before meals

Answer

Encouraging fluid restriction

Answer

Weighing the patient daily

Question 34

Revised: Which of the following medications is classified as a direct vasodilator?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Nitrates

Answer

Captopril

Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Clonidine

Question 35

Revised: A nurse is caring for a patient with angina who is taking sublingual nitroglycerin. If the patient develops a severe headache, which action should the nurse prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Discontinuing the nitroglycerin administration

Answer

Giving the patient aspirin

Answer

Elevating the patient's legs

Answer

Notifying the physician

Question 36

Revised: Which of the following is a key mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Reduced myocardial oxygen demand

Answer

Blockade of alpha-1 receptors

Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Promotion of vasodilation

Question 37

Revised: Which of the following is a significant adverse effect associated with calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Constipation

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 38

Revised: In the management of hypertension during pregnancy, which drug is commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Reformulated: Methyldopa

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Propranolol

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an important ethical consideration in thrombolytic therapy for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?

Accepted Answer

Seeking consent from family members if the patient is unable to consent

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from the patient

Answer

Balancing the potential benefits of reperfusion against the risks of hemorrhage

Answer

Respecting the patient's values and preferences

Question 40

To effectively manage hypertension, ACE inhibitors primarily work by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking the breakdown of angiotensin I, leading to vasodilation

Answer

Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors to decrease cardiac output

Answer

Inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump to promote diuresis

Answer

Inhibiting calcium channels to enhance myocardial contractility

Question 41

How does pharmacogenomics enhance personalized medicine in cardiovascular care?

Accepted Answer

Predicts individual responses to cardiovascular drugs based on genetic variations.

Answer

Replaces traditional drug discovery methods.

Answer

Increases the cost of cardiovascular drug therapy.

Answer

Eliminates the need for clinical trials.

Question 42

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with beta-blocker use?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 43

Which condition is a contraindication for calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Sick sinus syndrome

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Angina pectoris

Answer

Heart failure

Question 44

Which type of antiarrhythmic drug prolongs the QT interval?

Accepted Answer

Class III

Answer

Class I

Answer

Class II

Answer

Class IV

Question 45

Which drug is used to treat hyperlipidemia by targeting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?

Accepted Answer

Atorvastatin

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Question 46

Which of the following is a direct-acting vasodilator used specifically for pulmonary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Epoprostenol

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Atenolol

Question 47

The primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers is to:

Accepted Answer

Block beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility

Answer

Inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Dilate blood vessels by blocking calcium channels

Question 48

Which of the following is a primary indication for calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 49

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a:

Accepted Answer

Contraindication for nitrates

Answer

Nursing consideration for nitrates

Answer

Indication for nitrates

Answer

Side effect of nitrates

Question 50

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with digoxin?

Accepted Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hypotension

Question 51

Diuretics primarily work by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

Stimulating the release of renin from the kidneys

Answer

Blocking calcium channels in the heart

Question 52

Hyperkalemia is a potential adverse effect of:

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 53

Which class of drugs is used to increase the force of myocardial contraction in heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Inotropes

Answer

Anticoagulants

Answer

Antihypertensives

Answer

Antiarrhythmics

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a class of antihypertensive drugs?

Accepted Answer

Antiarrhythmics

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 55

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of nitroglycerin?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation of coronary arteries

Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Reduction of heart rate

Question 56

Atenolol, a medication commonly used to treat cardiovascular conditions, is primarily indicated for:

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Angina

Answer

Congestive heart failure

Question 57

When administering furosemide, which of the following nursing interventions is essential?

Accepted Answer

Monitor serum potassium levels

Answer

Administer with meals

Answer

Dilute in large amounts of water

Answer

Avoid giving at night

Question 58

Amiodarone is associated with which of the following potential adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypotension

Question 59

Which of the following is a major modifiable risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 60

Which drug is commonly used to treat angina by increasing myocardial oxygen supply?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Propranolol

Question 61

Select the nursing diagnosis that is most relevant to a patient with congestive heart failure:

Accepted Answer

Impaired cardiac output

Answer

Disturbed sleep pattern

Answer

Risk for infection

Answer

Anxiety

Question 62

Heparin, an anticoagulant, is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent the formation of new blood clots

Answer

Dissolve existing blood clots

Question 63

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Competitive antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of sodium-potassium pumps

Answer

Inhibition of calcium channels

Question 64

Which of the following is an indication for the use of digoxin?

Accepted Answer

Management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Answer

Prevention of arrhythmias

Answer

Relief of angina

Answer

Treatment of hypertension