Asthma Pathophysiology: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Identify the most comprehensive list of primary triggers of asthma:

Accepted Answer

A combination of environmental allergens, exercise, and stress

Answer

Environmental allergens only

Answer

Exercise only

Answer

Stress only

Question 2

Which cell type plays a central role in the inflammatory cascade associated with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 3

Which group of mediators is directly responsible for causing bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Histamine and leukotrienes

Answer

Cytokines and chemokines

Answer

Prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Answer

Interleukins and interferons

Question 4

Which asthma classification is characterized by persistent symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and irreversible airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Severe persistent

Answer

Intermittent

Answer

Mild persistent

Answer

Moderate persistent

Question 5

Which variant of asthma is commonly observed in children and is characterized by a predominant cough rather than wheezing?

Accepted Answer

Childhood asthma

Answer

Adult-onset asthma

Answer

Allergic asthma

Answer

Non-allergic asthma

Question 6

Which characteristic is NOT associated with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible airflow limitation

Answer

Airway inflammation

Answer

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness

Answer

Wheezing and coughing

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Exercise-induced bronchospasm

Answer

Allergic asthma

Answer

Non-allergic asthma

Answer

Occupational asthma

Question 8

Which of the following interventions is NOT typically used in the management of acute asthma attacks?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Question 9

Which characteristic feature is fundamental to the pathophysiology of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction

Answer

Increased airway diameter

Answer

Absence of inflammation

Answer

Normal mucus production

Question 10

Which of the following is a hallmark feature of airway inflammation in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophilia

Answer

Neutrophilia

Answer

Lymphocytosis

Answer

Macrophage infiltration

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential life-threatening complication of severe asthma?

Accepted Answer

Status asthmaticus

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reducing airway inflammation

Answer

Increasing airway tone

Answer

Relieving bronchospasm

Answer

Stimulating surfactant production

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Lung cancer

Question 14

What type of immune response is primarily involved in the pathogenesis of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer

Type III hypersensitivity

Answer

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 15

What is the purpose of inhaled beta-agonists in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

To relax airway smooth muscles

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Answer

To inhibit mast cell degranulation

Answer

To enhance mucociliary clearance

Question 16

Which type of asthma is characterized by severe, sudden asthma attacks that can be life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

Status asthmaticus

Answer

Allergic asthma

Answer

Non-allergic asthma

Answer

Exercise-induced asthma

Question 17

What is the primary inflammatory cell type involved in the development of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 18

What is the primary goal of pharmacological treatment for asthma?

Accepted Answer

To prevent asthma attacks

Answer

To relieve symptoms during an asthma attack

Answer

To cure asthma

Answer

To improve lung function

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) medication?

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Ipratropium

Question 20

In asthma, which inflammatory cell type is primarily responsible for airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 21

What is the most common trigger for allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Pollen

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Cold air

Answer

Stress

Question 22

What is the primary function of mast cells in the pathogenesis of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Release histamine and leukotrienes

Answer

Produce IgE antibodies

Answer

Clear airway mucus

Answer

Inhibit inflammatory response

Question 23

Which of the following is a key mediator of airway smooth muscle contraction in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Prostaglandin E2

Answer

Nitric oxide

Answer

Interferon gamma

Question 24

In diagnosing asthma, which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming the condition?

Accepted Answer

Spirometry

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Allergy skin test

Answer

Physical examination

Question 25

What is the primary trigger for allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Allergens

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Cold air

Answer

Occupational irritants

Question 26

Which of the following cells plays a central role in the inflammatory response characteristic of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Macrophages

Question 27

What term describes the narrowing of the airways in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of asthmatic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Increased goblet cell hyperplasia

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration

Answer

Increased mast cell degranulation

Question 29

Which type of asthma is typically triggered by allergens and characterized by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic asthma

Answer

Intrinsic asthma

Answer

Exercise-induced asthma

Answer

Occupational asthma

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a key mediator of inflammation in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Prostaglandins

Question 31

What is the primary goal of asthma management?

Accepted Answer

To prevent and relieve asthma symptoms

Answer

To cure asthma

Answer

To reduce the frequency of asthma attacks

Answer

To improve lung function

Question 32

Which of the following is not a type of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Infectious asthma

Answer

Allergic asthma

Answer

Exercise-induced asthma

Answer

Non-allergic asthma

Question 33

Which of the following is the direct cause of airway obstruction in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm and airway narrowing

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Pulmonary edema

Answer

Mucus production

Question 34

What is the primary role of inflammatory cells in the development of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Release mediators that cause bronchospasm and inflammation

Answer

Repair damaged airway tissue

Answer

Produce immunoglobulins that bind to allergens

Question 35

Which of the following is a typical symptom of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Fever

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Nausea

Question 36

What is the initial treatment recommended for acute asthma exacerbations?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonist inhalers

Answer

Intravenous antibiotics

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Question 37

What is the primary objective of long-term asthma management?

Accepted Answer

Achieving and maintaining control of symptoms, preventing exacerbations, and preserving lung function

Answer

Curing the disease

Answer

Improving lung function

Answer

Reducing the need for medications

Question 38

Which of the following cell types is NOT a major participant in the inflammatory cascade of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Lymphocyte

Answer

Mast cell

Answer

Eosinophil

Question 39

What is the primary mechanism by which bronchodilators provide relief from airway obstruction in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Stimulation of surfactant release

Answer

Reduction of mucus production

Question 40

Which of the following medications is generally considered first-line therapy for mild to moderate asthma?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Long-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Oral leukotriene inhibitors

Question 41

What is the most common spirometric abnormality observed in patients with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio

Answer

Normal spirometry

Answer

Elevated FVC

Answer

Increased FEV1

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential life-threatening complication of severe asthma?

Accepted Answer

Status asthmaticus

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 43

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack?

Accepted Answer

Administering bronchodilators

Answer

Inserting a chest tube

Answer

Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Answer

Providing oxygen therapy

Question 44

Which of the following patient education strategies has been shown to be most effective in improving asthma self-management?

Accepted Answer

Tailored action plans

Answer

Generic written materials

Answer

Online support groups

Answer

Video demonstrations

Question 45

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the development of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to allergens or irritants

Answer

High levels of physical activity

Answer

Deficiencies in essential nutrients

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Question 46

The primary mechanism leading to airway obstruction in asthma is:

Accepted Answer

Constriction of airways (bronchospasm) and swelling of airway walls (airway edema)

Answer

Abnormal heart rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias)

Answer

Excessive production of mucus

Answer

Inhaling foreign objects (foreign body aspiration)

Question 47

Which type of asthma involves repeated episodes of wheezing and coughing, triggered by specific allergens?

Accepted Answer

Allergic asthma

Answer

Non-allergic asthma

Answer

Occupational asthma

Answer

Exercise-induced asthma

Question 48

A common trigger for exercise-induced asthma is:

Accepted Answer

Inhaling cold, dry air

Answer

Contact with pet dander

Answer

Inhalation of pollen

Answer

Exposure to house dust mites

Question 49

Which of the following inflammatory mediators plays a key role in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Prostaglandins

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 50

A crucial nursing intervention for managing asthma is:

Accepted Answer

Educating patients on self-management strategies and proper medication use

Answer

Performing emergency tracheostomy

Answer

Prescribing strong antibiotics

Answer

Administering intravenous fluids

Question 51

The primary objective of pharmacological therapy for asthma is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce bronchospasm and alleviate airway inflammation

Answer

Reverse airway remodeling

Answer

Eliminate the underlying cause of asthma

Answer

Prevent the onset of asthma attacks

Question 52

Albuterol is widely used in the treatment of asthma because it acts as a:

Accepted Answer

Beta-2 agonist

Answer

Mucolytic agent

Answer

Antihistamine

Answer

Leukotriene inhibitor

Question 53

Which of the following is a non-pharmacological approach that can aid in asthma management?

Accepted Answer

Participating in yoga or practicing deep breathing exercises

Answer

Continuing to smoke cigarettes

Answer

Administering intravenous saline fluids

Answer

Taking prophylactic antibiotics