Immunodeficiency Disorders: Causes, Types, and Impact on Immune Function

Question 1

Which of the following characterizes Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

Accepted Answer

Absence of both T and B cells

Answer

Elevated immunoglobulin levels

Answer

Normal neutrophil function

Answer

Increased susceptibility to fungal infections only

Question 2

Primary immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by a deficiency in the production of antibodies. Which of the following is the primary immunodeficiency disorder that fits this description?

Accepted Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Question 3

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency disorder that primarily affects cellular immunity. What is the main underlying mechanism responsible for this impaired cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Defective phagocytosis

Answer

Reduced number of neutrophils

Answer

Impaired production of cytokines

Answer

Deficiency in antibody production

Question 4

Immunodeficiency disorders can lead to increased susceptibility to infections. Which of the following is NOT a common opportunistic infection seen in patients with immunodeficiency disorders?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever

Answer

Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Candidiasis

Question 5

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a type of immunodeficiency disorder. What is the main immunologic defect in CVID?

Accepted Answer

Impaired antibody production

Answer

Reduced production of B cells

Answer

Deficiency in T cell function

Answer

Increased production of cytokines

Question 6

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is a common treatment for certain immunodeficiency disorders. Which of the following is a potential complication of this therapy?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Hepatitis A infection

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Increased platelet count

Question 7

DiGeorge syndrome is an immunodeficiency disorder that affects the development of certain organs. Which of the following is a characteristic clinical finding in patients with DiGeorge syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Facial dysmorphism

Answer

Recurrent respiratory infections

Answer

Enlarged spleen

Answer

Decreased platelet count

Question 8

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening immunodeficiency disorder. What is the recommended initial treatment for a patient with SCID?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)

Answer

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy

Answer

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer

Splenectomy

Question 9

Primary immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Defects present from birth or childhood

Answer

Onset later in adulthood

Answer

Acquired through infection or environmental exposure

Answer

Usually asymptomatic

Question 10

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder involves impaired production or function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antibody deficiencies

Answer

Phagocytic defects

Answer

Complement deficiencies

Answer

T-cell deficiencies

Question 11

Which cytokine is essential for the activation and differentiation of T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Answer

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Answer

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Question 12

Which immunoglobulin class plays a primary role in protecting the respiratory tract from infections?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgE

Question 13

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by defective function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease

Answer

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Answer

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Question 14

Which of the following is a defining trait of primary immunodeficiency disorders?

Accepted Answer

Inherited genetic basis

Answer

Onset in adulthood

Answer

Acquired through infections

Answer

Transient and self-correcting

Question 15

Deficiency of which immunoglobulin subtype predisposes individuals to recurrent bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Answer

IgD

Answer

IgE

Answer

IgG

Question 16

Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for coordinating cell-mediated immune responses?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 17

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) selectively targets and infects which type of immune cell?

Accepted Answer

CD4+ T cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 18

Which clinical manifestation is commonly associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent and persistent infections

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Answer

Increased risk of certain types of cancer

Answer

Allergies

Question 19

The thymus gland plays a vital role in the development and maturation of:

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 20

Which of the following is not a type of phagocytic cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 21

The complement system plays a predominant role in:

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Answer

Adaptive immunity

Answer

Humoral immunity

Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 22

Which of the following cytokines is involved in the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-6

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 23

In which type of immunodeficiency disorder is there impaired production or maturation of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Combined immunodeficiency

Answer

Antibody deficiency

Answer

Phagocyte deficiency

Answer

Complement deficiency

Question 24

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a mutation in the RAG1 gene, which is essential for lymphocyte development?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Answer

Omenn syndrome

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency

Answer

Hyper-IgM syndrome

Question 25

A patient with chronic granulomatous disease, a phagocyte deficiency, experiences frequent skin infections because of:

Accepted Answer

Defective phagocytosis

Answer

Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis

Answer

Reduced antibody production

Answer

Abnormal T-cell function

Question 26

Which of the following vaccines should not be given to patients with severe combined immunodeficiency due to the risk of causing infection?

Accepted Answer

Measles vaccine

Answer

Polio vaccine

Answer

Influenza vaccine

Answer

Tetanus vaccine

Question 27

Which of the following stem cell therapies has shown promise in treating severe combined immunodeficiency by restoring immune function?

Accepted Answer

Allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplant

Answer

Autologous bone marrow transplant

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy

Question 28

A patient with complement deficiency is at increased risk for:

Accepted Answer

Severe bacterial infections

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Autoimmune diseases

Answer

Cancer

Question 29

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of DiGeorge syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Absence or hypoplasia of the thymus

Answer

Thymus hypertrophy

Answer

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Answer

Hyper IgE production

Question 30

Which feature is characteristic of humoral immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Defective antibody production

Answer

Reduced T cell count

Answer

Impaired phagocytosis

Answer

Increased risk of bacterial infections

Question 31

Which cell type plays a primary role in cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Natural killer cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 32

What is the underlying defect in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?

Accepted Answer

Defective T and B cell development

Answer

Reduced natural killer cell production

Answer

Impaired complement system function

Answer

Deficiency of immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Question 33

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by an absence of T cells?

Accepted Answer

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease

Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Question 34

Which of the following is the most prevalent type of inherited immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease

Question 35

Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is characterized specifically by a deficiency in antibody production?

Accepted Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 36

Which cytokine plays a crucial role in promoting the activation and differentiation of T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Answer

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)

Question 37

Which clinical manifestation is a common indicator of humoral immunodeficiency disorders?

Accepted Answer

Frequent respiratory infections

Answer

Development of autoimmune disorders

Answer

Chronic diarrhea

Answer

Graft-versus-host disease

Question 38

Which diagnostic test is specifically designed to evaluate the functional capacity of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Western blot

Answer

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Question 39

A defining feature of humoral immunodeficiency is:

Accepted Answer

Increased susceptibility to extracellular bacteria

Answer

Recurrent viral infections

Answer

Impaired cell-mediated immunity

Question 40

To assess cell-mediated immunity, which of the following diagnostic tests is commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Skin anergy test

Answer

Quantitative immunoglobulin assay

Answer

Leukocyte adhesion inhibition test

Answer

Flow cytometry

Question 41

In cases of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the preferred first-line treatment is:

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Answer

Immunoglobulin replacement

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Antiviral therapy

Question 42

Complement proteins play a crucial role in the immune system by:

Accepted Answer

Enhancing opsonization and facilitating phagocytosis

Answer

Inhibiting inflammation

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Activating T cells

Question 43

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy in immunodeficiency disorders primarily aims to:

Accepted Answer

Provide passive immunity by supplementing the lack of functional antibodies

Answer

Prevent autoimmune disorders

Answer

Suppress T cell activity

Answer

Stimulate antibody production

Question 44

A potential complication associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for immunodeficiency disorders is:

Accepted Answer

Graft-versus-host disease

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Answer

Hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Question 45

Which of the following primary immunodeficiency disorders is characterized by a defect in the development or maturation of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

Answer

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Question 46

A patient with recurrent infections and low IgA levels is most likely diagnosed with which type of immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Answer

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Question 47

The administration of exogenous immunoglobulins is a treatment commonly used for which type of immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Antibody deficiency disorders

Answer

Cellular immunodeficiency disorders

Answer

Combined immunodeficiency disorders

Answer

Phagocytic cell disorders

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)?

Accepted Answer

Absence of B cells and low levels of all immunoglobulins

Answer

Deficiency of only IgG and IgE

Answer

Normal B cell count and elevated IgA levels

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of a phagocytic cell disorder?

Accepted Answer

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Answer

Selective IgA deficiency

Answer

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Question 50

Which of the following is a diagnostic test commonly used to evaluate immunodeficiency disorders?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte subsets analysis

Answer

Complete blood count (CBC)

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

X-ray

Question 51

Which of the following factors is a risk factor for developing an immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Family history of immunodeficiency disorders

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Adequate sleep