Deviance and Social Control: Explore the Dynamics of Social Order

Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary deviance?

Accepted Answer

Primary deviance is usually temporary, while secondary deviance is more long-lasting.

Answer

Primary deviance is a more severe violation of social norms.

Answer

Primary deviance is more likely to be punished or stigmatized.

Answer

Primary deviance is less likely to be learned through socialization.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of being labeled as deviant according to labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

Increased self-esteem

Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer

Social isolation

Answer

Reduced opportunities

Question 3

In labeling theory, which concept highlights that society's response to a behavior plays a greater role in defining it as deviant than the behavior's inherent nature?

Accepted Answer

Social Construction of Deviance

Answer

Biological Predisposition

Answer

Moral Absolutes

Answer

Genetic Determinism

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of social control?

Accepted Answer

Deviance

Answer

Internalized norms

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Formal sanctions

Question 5

Which element is NOT a central tenet of labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

Legal penalties for deviant behavior

Answer

Societal labeling and reaction to deviant behavior

Answer

The deviant's self-perception

Answer

Social control agents' role in enforcing norms

Question 6

In labeling theory, which statement accurately describes the mechanism of social control?

Accepted Answer

Labeling individuals as deviant can perpetuate the behavior, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Answer

Formal institutions, like the criminal justice system, primarily regulate deviance.

Answer

The definition of deviance is static and universally applicable across societies.

Answer

Deviant labels encourage individuals to conform to societal norms.

Question 7

In the study of deviance, which theory focuses on how social conflict and inequality shape societal norms and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Social Control Theory

Question 8

In sociology, what is the primary definition of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Actions that break societal norms

Answer

Actions that harm others

Answer

Actions that are uncommon

Answer

Actions that are against the law

Question 9

In conflict theory, what is considered the primary cause of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Actions that challenge the established social order and power structures

Answer

Violations of deeply ingrained cultural values and norms

Answer

Behaviors deemed immoral or unethical by society

Answer

Deviations from statistical norms or expected patterns of behavior

Question 10

According to labeling theory, what is the primary factor that determines whether a behavior is considered deviant?

Accepted Answer

Societal reactions that define and label certain behaviors as deviant

Answer

Innate psychological traits of individuals

Answer

Biological predispositions or genetic factors

Answer

Exposure to negative environmental influences during childhood

Question 11

Which of the following concepts is distinct from the others in its relationship to social control?

Accepted Answer

Internal control

Answer

Formal control

Answer

Informal control

Answer

Cultural control

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of social control in maintaining social order?

Accepted Answer

Promoting social change

Answer

Preserving social stability

Answer

Preventing deviant behavior

Answer

Encouraging conformity to social norms

Question 13

Which theory of deviance emphasizes the role of societal reactions in shaping and maintaining deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory

Answer

Biological theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Functionalist theory

Question 14

Which of the following is an informal way that society exerts social control?

Accepted Answer

Gossip

Answer

Formal sanctions

Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Fines

Question 15

Within labeling theory, what is defined as deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors that go against societal norms and expectations.

Answer

Actions that are universally condemned as immoral and harmful.

Answer

Actions only committed by individuals with mental health conditions.

Answer

Behaviors that result from a lack of socialization.

Question 16

Which characteristic distinguishes primary deviance?

Accepted Answer

It is generally perceived as a minor violation of social norms.

Answer

It is not acquired through social interactions.

Answer

It is not recognized as deviant by society.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a type of deviant behavior according to Merton's strain theory?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Innovation

Answer

Ritualism

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Conforming to expectations

Answer

Violating social norms

Answer

Harming society

Answer

Being considered strange or unusual

Question 19

In differential association theory, what primarily determines an individual's behavior patterns?

Accepted Answer

Social interactions and relationships

Answer

Innate biological traits

Answer

Economic background and financial status

Question 20

In labeling theory, secondary deviance refers to:

Accepted Answer

The internalization of a deviant label, leading to further deviance.

Answer

The initial act of deviance before labeling.

Answer

The labeling of an individual as deviant.

Answer

The social rejection of individuals seen as different.

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of punishment in the context of social control?

Accepted Answer

Deter individuals from committing deviant acts.

Answer

Rehabilitate individuals and reintegrate them into society.

Answer

Provide a sense of retribution for the harm caused by deviant behavior.

Answer

Generate revenue for the government through fines and fees.

Question 22

In strain theory, what term refers to the gap between an individual's goals and the acceptable ways to achieve them?

Accepted Answer

Anomie

Answer

Social Control

Answer

Strain

Question 23

Which sociological perspective highlights the significance of shared values, beliefs, and norms in shaping deviance and social control?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Rational choice theory

Question 24

According to deterrence theory, what is a primary aim in preventing deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a perception of swift and certain punishment to deter potential offenders from engaging in deviant acts.

Answer

Rehabilitating offenders to foster positive behavioral changes.

Answer

Offering support and resources to help individuals address the underlying causes of their deviant behavior.

Question 25

Which sociological theory of deviance highlights the role of power and conflict in shaping societal definitions of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalist Theory

Answer

Interactionist Theory

Answer

Rational Choice Theory

Question 26

In the context of social control, the primary purpose of punishment is to:

Accepted Answer

Deter individuals from engaging in deviant behaviors through the threat of negative consequences.

Answer

Rehabilitate individuals and support their reintegration into society.

Answer

Isolate individuals from society to minimize harm to others.

Answer

Punish individuals based on their moral wrongdoings and exact retribution.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT considered a defining characteristic of deviance by sociologists?

Accepted Answer

Always harms society

Answer

Breaks societal norms

Answer

Faces social disapproval

Question 28

According to conflict theory, what is the primary cause of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality and conflicts

Answer

Moral decline within families

Answer

Genetic factors

Answer

Lack of proper socialization

Question 29

Which type of social control mechanism is primarily characterized by its informal and subtle influence, relying on unwritten social norms and expectations?

Accepted Answer

Normative Social Control

Answer

Coercive Social Control

Answer

Institutional Social Control

Answer

Internalized Social Control

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of primary deviance?

Accepted Answer

A person getting arrested for drunk driving for the first time.

Answer

A person with multiple felony convictions.

Answer

A homeless person panhandling for money.

Question 31

What is a defining characteristic of primary deviance?

Accepted Answer

It is a minor violation of social norms, usually not resulting in formal punishment.

Answer

It is a serious violation of social norms, often leading to formal punishment.

Answer

It is a persistent pattern of deviance that suggests underlying psychological problems.

Answer

It is a form of deviance where individuals reject social norms and embrace deviant subcultures.

Question 32

Which theory of deviance focuses on the clash between societal groups with conflicting values and interests?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Strain theory

Answer

Social control theory

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a type of deviance identified by Merton's Strain Theory?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Innovation

Answer

Ritualism

Answer

Retreatism

Question 34

How have historical perspectives on deviance shaped our current understanding of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Historical perspectives offer valuable insights into the social and cultural factors that shape our understanding of deviant behavior.

Answer

Historical perspectives have had no impact on our understanding of deviance.

Answer

The classical perspective, which views deviance as a result of individual pathology, is the only historical perspective that has influenced our understanding.

Answer

Historical perspectives provide a complete and unchanging framework for understanding deviant behavior.

Question 35

According to labeling theory, which of the following is a key assumption?

Accepted Answer

Labeling someone as deviant can lead them to behave in a way that confirms the label.

Answer

People are inherently deviant.

Question 36

How do societal values, technological advancements, and cultural shifts influence our understanding of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Social change, including societal values, technological advancements, and cultural shifts, shapes our perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Societal values and norms are fixed, having no impact on perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Technological advancements solely shape societal perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Cultural shifts have a minimal effect on defining and understanding deviance.

Question 37

How do societal values, technological advancements, and cultural shifts influence our understanding of deviance?

Accepted Answer

Societal factors can shape our perceptions and definitions of deviant behavior.

Answer

Social change has no impact on perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Deviance is solely determined by individual characteristics.

Question 38

When labeling individuals as deviant, it's crucial to consider the ethical implications. Discuss the potential for stigmatization, discrimination, and infringement of individual rights.

Accepted Answer

Labeling deviant behavior necessitates careful consideration of its ethical implications, including stigmatization, discrimination, and infringement of individual rights.

Answer

Labeling deviant behavior is inherently unethical because it violates individual rights.

Answer

Labeling deviant behavior is acceptable if it maintains social order and prevents harm.

Answer

Labeling deviant behavior is ethical if individuals consent to it.

Question 39

How do primary socialization agents, such as family, education, and the workplace, influence individuals' understanding and responses to deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

They transmit societal values and norms, shaping individuals' perceptions of deviance and appropriate responses.

Answer

They solely focus on controlling and punishing deviant behavior, deterring individuals from engaging in such actions.

Answer

They have a negligible impact on individuals' socialization or responses to deviance.

Answer

They exclusively promote deviant behavior, creating a culture that encourages non-conformist actions.

Question 40

How does social inequality contribute to the unequal distribution and labeling of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality perpetuates the unequal distribution and labeling of deviant behavior, reflecting the unequal distribution of power and resources in society.

Answer

Social inequality has no impact on the labeling of deviant behavior.

Answer

Social inequality results in an equal distribution of deviant labels among different social groups.

Answer

Social inequality solely influences the distribution of deviant labels, not the labeling process.

Question 41

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of deviance, according to sociologists?

Accepted Answer

It is a violation of social norms.

Answer

It is seen as negative by all members of society.

Answer

It is always harmful to society.

Answer

It can be both positive and negative.

Question 42

Which theory suggests that deviance is created by society through the process of labeling individuals?

Accepted Answer

Labeling Theory of Deviance

Answer

Biological Theory of Deviance

Answer

Conflict Theory of Deviance

Answer

Functionalist Theory of Deviance

Question 43

The process by which society defines and responds to behavior that violates its norms is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Social construction of deviance

Answer

Social labeling of deviance

Answer

Social control of deviance

Answer

Social norm enforcement

Question 44

According to the Conflict Theory of Deviance, who is most likely to be labeled as deviant?

Accepted Answer

The poor and marginalized

Answer

The wealthy and powerful

Answer

The middle class

Answer

Everyone equally

Question 45

Which of the following is a form of formal social control?

Accepted Answer

Laws

Answer

Peer pressure

Answer

Gossip

Answer

Customs

Question 46

The view that deviance serves positive functions for society is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Functionalist Theory of Deviance

Answer

Biological Theory of Deviance

Answer

Labeling Theory of Deviance

Answer

Conflict Theory of Deviance

Question 47

Social control mechanisms can serve both positive and negative functions for society.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 48

In sociology, deviance refers to behaviors that violate social norms. How does deviance differ from non-deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Deviance violates norms, while non-deviant behavior follows them.

Answer

Deviance harms others, while non-deviant behavior benefits society.

Answer

Deviance is rare, while non-deviant behavior is common.

Answer

Deviance varies across cultures, while non-deviant behavior is universal.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of informal social control?

Accepted Answer

Peer pressure

Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Laws

Answer

Police surveillance

Question 50

According to strain theory, deviance is most likely to occur when there is a significant gap between:

Accepted Answer

Goals and means

Answer

Values and norms

Answer

Social status and economic resources

Answer

Expectations and reality

Question 51

Labeling theory proposes that the act of labeling someone as deviant:

Accepted Answer

Can reinforce or intensify deviant behavior

Answer

Has no significant impact on future behavior

Answer

Always leads to social isolation

Answer

Promotes rehabilitation and reintegration

Question 52

The belief that certain behaviors are wrong or unacceptable because they violate deeply held moral standards is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Moral indignation

Answer

Social disapproval

Answer

Deviant amplification

Answer

Normative consensus

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of institutional deviance?

Accepted Answer

Corporate fraud

Answer

Shoplifting

Answer

Drug addiction

Answer

Homicide

Question 54

The term 'moral panic' refers to:

Accepted Answer

An exaggerated public reaction to a perceived threat

Answer

Government efforts to suppress deviant behavior

Answer

The process of labeling individuals as deviant

Answer

The social construction of deviance

Question 55

Differential association theory suggests that deviant behavior is primarily learned through:

Accepted Answer

Social interaction and learning

Answer

Exposure to negative role models

Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Individual personality traits

Question 56

According to the social constructivist perspective, deviance is:

Accepted Answer

Created and defined by social norms and expectations

Answer

A fixed and immutable characteristic of certain behaviors

Answer

Solely determined by biological or psychological factors

Answer

A biological response to societal pressures

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of formal social control?

Accepted Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Gossip

Answer

Shunning

Answer

Peer pressure

Question 58

According to Merton's strain theory, deviance occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Individuals pursue culturally approved goals through culturally disapproved means

Answer

Individuals pursue culturally approved goals through culturally approved means

Answer

Individuals pursue culturally disapproved goals through culturally approved means

Answer

Individuals pursue culturally approved goals through any available means

Question 59

According to the interactionist perspective, deviance results primarily from:

Accepted Answer

Social and cultural interactions

Answer

Internalized values and beliefs

Answer

Biological makeup

Answer

Economic deprivation

Question 60

Which of the following is a form of negative social control?

Accepted Answer

Imprisonment

Answer

Therapy

Answer

Moral support

Answer

Education

Question 61

The concept of 'moral panic' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A widespread and exaggerated reaction to a perceived social threat

Answer

A rational fear of an actual social problem

Answer

A decline in public trust in social institutions

Answer

An increase in the rate of deviant behavior

Question 62

How do social norms and values shape societal reactions to deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

They define what is considered deviant and guide societal expectations.

Answer

They have no influence on societal responses to deviant behavior.

Answer

They are universal and result in consistent responses across cultures.

Answer

They only affect responses to extreme forms of deviant behavior.

Question 63

In what ways has globalization influenced the perception and experience of deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Increased exposure to different cultures, leading to a broadening of societal norms and a shift in perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Reduced government control over media and communication, resulting in the spread of deviant ideologies.

Answer

Homogenization of cultural values, leading to a universal understanding of what constitutes deviant behavior.

Answer

No significant impact, as cultural norms and values remain largely unchanged despite globalization.

Question 64

How does socialization influence an individual's understanding and acceptance of what is considered deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

Socialization reinforces societal norms, shaping individuals' perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Socialization promotes individualism, leading individuals to question societal norms and engage in deviant behavior.

Answer

Socialization has minimal impact on individuals' perceptions of deviance.

Answer

Socialization only occurs during childhood and adolescence, with no influence on individuals' perceptions of deviance later in life.