Evolution of Management Thought: A Journey Through Management History

Question 1

Which statement does NOT reflect the principles of the human relations movement in management?

Accepted Answer

Employees always make decisions based on logic and reason.

Answer

Employees have social and psychological needs that influence their work.

Answer

Managers should create a supportive and encouraging work environment.

Question 2

What was a major criticism of scientific management?

Accepted Answer

It neglected employee well-being

Answer

It relied too heavily on rules

Answer

It was not applicable to all industries

Question 3

Quantitative management played a pivotal role in the evolution of management theory. What was its primary contribution?

Accepted Answer

Provision of analytical tools for solving organizational problems

Answer

Reliance on intuition and experience in decision-making

Answer

Establishment of organizational hierarchy and specialization

Answer

Promotion of participative and democratic management styles

Question 4

Which individual is widely recognized as the pioneer of scientific management?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Elton Mayo

Question 5

In their pioneering research, the Hawthorne Studies identified which factor as having the greatest influence on worker productivity?

Accepted Answer

Social interactions

Answer

Lighting conditions

Answer

Monetary incentives

Answer

Physical working conditions

Question 6

Who developed the renowned 'hierarchy of needs' model, which categorizes human needs into different levels of importance?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

Frederick Herzberg

Answer

Douglas McGregor

Answer

Henry Mintzberg

Question 7

Which organizational structure is known for its adaptability and flexibility?

Accepted Answer

Matrix structure

Answer

Functional structure

Answer

Divisional structure

Answer

Bureaucratic structure

Question 8

When undertaking a complex project, which technique is utilized to decompose large tasks into more manageable smaller ones?

Accepted Answer

Work breakdown structure

Answer

Gantt chart

Answer

PERT diagram

Answer

Critical path method

Question 9

According to contingency theory, the most effective management approach is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A combination of all the above factors

Answer

The size of the organization

Answer

The industry context in which the organization operates

Answer

The personality traits of the manager

Question 10

Which management philosophy places a strong emphasis on continuous improvement and customer satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Total quality management

Answer

Six Sigma

Answer

Lean manufacturing

Answer

Agile development

Question 11

Which ethical principle mandates that managers act in the best interests of the organization and its various stakeholders?

Accepted Answer

Duty of loyalty

Answer

Duty of care

Answer

Duty of confidentiality

Answer

Duty of obedience

Question 12

Which of the following is identified as a significant challenge confronting managers in the modern business landscape?

Accepted Answer

All of the above challenges

Answer

Rapid technological advancements

Answer

Globalization and increased global competition

Answer

Increased competition within domestic markets

Question 13

Who is considered the 'Father of Scientific Management', developing principles to improve efficiency and productivity?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Elton Mayo

Question 14

Which management theory places emphasis on worker satisfaction, motivation, and the importance of social factors in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral Theory

Answer

Classical Theory

Answer

Administrative Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Question 15

Who developed the '14 Principles of Management', including concepts like division of labor and unity of command?

Accepted Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Frederick Taylor

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Elton Mayo

Question 16

The 'Hawthorne Experiments' are associated with which management theory, demonstrating the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral Theory

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Administrative Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Question 17

Which management theory suggests that the most effective management style depends on the specific circumstances and context?

Accepted Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Classical Theory

Answer

Administrative Theory

Answer

Behavioral Theory

Question 18

The 'Human Relations Movement' focused predominantly on:

Accepted Answer

Understanding worker motivation and satisfaction

Answer

Improving efficiency and productivity

Answer

Designing effective organizational structures

Answer

Developing management control systems

Question 19

Which management theorist emphasized the concept of 'bounded rationality', suggesting that managers have limited information and cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

Herbert Simon

Answer

Peter Drucker

Answer

Michael Porter

Answer

Gary Hamel

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered a major school of management thought prevalent in the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Marxist Theory

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Administrative Management

Answer

Human Relations Movement

Question 21

Who is widely recognized as the founder of the Scientific Management movement?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Taylor

Answer

Henry Fayol

Answer

Henri Gantt

Answer

Frank Gilbreth

Question 22

According to Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal bureaucratic organization?

Accepted Answer

Decision-making based on emotions

Answer

Clearly defined hierarchy

Answer

Impersonality

Answer

Expertise-based recruitment

Question 23

Which contemporary management approach emphasizes employee empowerment and participation in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Empowerment Management

Answer

Total Quality Management

Answer

Lean Management

Answer

Six Sigma

Question 24

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Scientific Management'?

Accepted Answer

Frederick W. Taylor

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Douglas McGregor

Question 25

Which management theory places emphasis on employee motivation and fulfillment?

Accepted Answer

Human Relations Movement

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Systems Theory

Question 26

Contingency Theory is based on which key principle?

Accepted Answer

The most effective management style depends on the specific context.

Answer

There is one optimal way to manage in all situations.

Answer

Employees should be treated uniformly regardless of circumstances.

Answer

Organizational goals take precedence over employee satisfaction.

Question 27

Which management theory views the organization as a complex system where different parts interact?

Accepted Answer

Systems Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Human Relations Movement

Question 28

Which of the following is not a characteristic of contemporary management practices?

Accepted Answer

Rigid adherence to hierarchies

Answer

Emphasis on collaboration and teamwork

Answer

Decentralization of authority

Answer

Increased use of technology

Question 29

What is the fundamental goal of management?

Accepted Answer

Customer value creation

Answer

Profit maximization

Answer

Employee satisfaction

Answer

Shareholder wealth maximization

Question 30

What sets Total Quality Management (TQM) apart from traditional management approaches?

Accepted Answer

Focus on ongoing, small improvements

Answer

Prioritizing shareholder profits

Answer

Leadership driven from the top

Answer

Maximizing short-term profits

Question 31

Which of the following describes the core principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) and their contribution to organizational effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

TQM focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement.

Answer

TQM prioritizes cost-cutting and efficiency over quality.

Answer

TQM establishes a rigid, top-down management structure.

Answer

TQM minimizes the importance of data analysis and process measurement.

Question 32

Which recent trend has had a significant impact on modern management practices?

Accepted Answer

Increased remote work arrangements

Answer

Decreased data-driven decision-making

Answer

Reduced use of agile methodologies

Answer

Diminished focus on employee well-being

Question 33

Who is widely acknowledged as the "Father of Scientific Management"?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Elton Mayo

Question 34

Which tenet of scientific management emphasizes separating planning from execution?

Accepted Answer

Specialization of tasks and processes

Answer

Empowering employees with decision-making authority

Answer

Informal communication channels among employees

Answer

Emphasis on employee participation and well-being

Question 35

Which theorist coined the term "iron cage of bureaucracy" to describe the constricting effects of rigid bureaucratic structures?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Frederick Taylor

Question 36

Which management approach focuses primarily on understanding and improving human interactions within organizations?

Accepted Answer

Human Relations Movement

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Weber's Bureaucracy

Answer

Administrative Science

Question 37

Who conducted the Hawthorne Studies, which highlighted the importance of social and psychological factors in employee performance?

Accepted Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Henri Fayol

Answer

Frederick Taylor

Question 38

Which theory of management emphasizes that the most effective management approach depends on situational factors?

Accepted Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Universal Management Theory

Answer

Behavioral Management Theory

Answer

Classical Management Theory

Question 39

Who developed the concept of "transformational leadership", which emphasizes inspiring and motivating followers?

Accepted Answer

Bernard Bass

Answer

Frederick Herzberg

Answer

Douglas McGregor

Answer

Abraham Maslow

Question 40

Which theory of motivation proposes that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, ranging from basic to higher-level needs?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Answer

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Answer

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Question 41

Who advocated for empowering employees by giving them greater autonomy and decision-making authority?

Accepted Answer

Douglas McGregor

Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Frederick Taylor

Question 42

Which trend in the evolution of management thought emphasizes the importance of considering the interests of stakeholders beyond shareholders?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder Management

Answer

Less Focus on Corporate Social Responsibility

Answer

Return to Classical Management Principles

Answer

Declining Significance of Technology

Question 43

Who is widely regarded as the father of scientific management?

Accepted Answer

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Henri Fayol

Question 44

Which management theory placed significant emphasis on understanding the psychological and social factors influencing employee behavior?

Accepted Answer

Human Relations Movement

Answer

Classical Management Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Administrative Management Theory

Question 45

Which management approach suggests that the most appropriate management style depends on the specific circumstances and context of the organization?

Accepted Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Bureaucratic Management

Answer

Human Relations Movement

Answer

Scientific Management

Question 46

Who developed the widely-cited hierarchy of human needs?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

Frederick Herzberg

Answer

Douglas McGregor

Answer

David McClelland

Question 47

Which management theory advocates for empowering employees through delegation and decentralization?

Accepted Answer

Decentralized Management

Answer

Divisional Management

Answer

Functional Management

Answer

Centralized Management

Question 48

According to McGregor's Theory X, what is a common assumption about employee behavior?

Accepted Answer

Employees are generally lazy and resistant to change

Answer

Employees are highly skilled and experienced

Answer

Employees are creative and innovative

Answer

Employees are highly motivated and eager to work

Question 49

Who is credited with developing the "five forces" model for industry analysis?

Accepted Answer

Michael Porter

Answer

Philip Kotler

Answer

Drucker

Answer

Ansoff

Question 50

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Scientific Management'?

Accepted Answer

Frederick W. Taylor

Answer

Elton Mayo

Answer

Peter Drucker

Answer

Henri Fayol

Question 51

Which management theory emphasized the importance of employee motivation and job satisfaction, highlighting the impact of social factors on productivity?

Accepted Answer

Human Relations Movement

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Classical Theory

Answer

Systems Theory

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT one of Henri Fayol's 'Five Principles of Management'?

Accepted Answer

Initiative

Answer

Unity of Command

Answer

Equity

Answer

Centralization

Question 53

According to Max Weber, which type of authority is based on established customs, traditions, and beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Traditional authority

Answer

Bureaucratic authority

Answer

Legal authority

Answer

Charismatic authority

Question 54

Which management approach emphasizes that the best way to manage depends on the specific situation and circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Scientific Management

Answer

Bureaucracy

Answer

Total Quality Management

Question 55

Who is credited with developing the 'Management by Objectives' (MBO) approach, which focuses on setting clear goals and objectives for employees?

Accepted Answer

Peter Drucker

Answer

William Ouchi

Answer

Frederick Herzberg

Answer

Douglas McGregor

Question 56

What is a common criticism of Taylor's Scientific Management approach?

Accepted Answer

It overlooked the importance of employee motivation and job satisfaction.

Answer

It standardized work processes.

Answer

It led to increased efficiency.

Answer

It emphasized employee empowerment.

Question 57

Which management theory views organizations as complex systems with interconnected parts, emphasizing the importance of understanding the whole system?

Accepted Answer

Systems Theory

Answer

Marxist Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Chaos Theory

Question 58

According to William Ouchi's 'Theory Z', what is a key characteristic of Japanese management style?

Accepted Answer

Collaborative decision-making and long-term employment

Answer

Formal hierarchy and short-term goals

Answer

Explicit rules and individual responsibility

Answer

Individual incentives and fast promotions

Question 59

Which management approach emphasizes the importance of considering the interests and concerns of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the community?

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder Theory

Answer

Transactional Theory

Answer

Contingency Theory

Answer

Transformational Theory