Malware and Cyberattacks: A Comprehensive Guide for Criminal Justice Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is **NOT** a type of malware?

Accepted Answer

Antivirus software

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Ransomware

Question 2

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands a ransom for decryption?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Trojan horse

Question 3

What technique is used to filter out spam emails and prevent them from reaching users?

Accepted Answer

Spam filtering

Answer

Antivirus software

Answer

Firewall

Answer

Intrusion detection system

Question 4

What is the main purpose of a worm?

Accepted Answer

To spread copies of itself to other computers

Answer

To steal personal information

Answer

To delete or corrupt files

Answer

To extort money from victims

Question 5

What is a defining characteristic of a botnet?

Accepted Answer

A network of compromised computers controlled by a single entity

Answer

A type of malware that steals passwords

Answer

A technique used to spread spam emails

Answer

A method of hacking into web servers

Question 6

What is the primary reason for using encryption in ransomware?

Accepted Answer

To prevent victims from accessing their encrypted files

Answer

To make the ransomware undetectable by antivirus software

Answer

To increase the ransom demand

Answer

To make the ransomware more challenging to remove

Question 7

Which example represents a social engineering attack?

Accepted Answer

Phishing email

Answer

Malware infection

Answer

Network intrusion

Answer

DDoS attack

Question 8

Which law in the United States specifically targets cybercrime?

Accepted Answer

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)

Answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Answer

Patriot Act

Question 9

How can malware be used to facilitate corporate espionage or political sabotage?

Accepted Answer

Theft of trade secrets or sensitive documents

Accepted Answer

Disruption of critical infrastructure, such as power grids or transportation systems

Answer

Identity theft

Answer

Financial fraud

Question 10

Which of the following is not a type of malware specifically designed to cause harm to computer systems or networks?

Accepted Answer

Firewall

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Ransomware

Question 11

The primary goal of a virus is to:

Accepted Answer

Spread from one infected system to another while replicating itself

Answer

Steal personal information

Answer

Disable computer systems by corrupting or destroying files

Answer

Encrypt files and demand payment in exchange for unlocking them

Question 12

Which type of malware allows unauthorized remote access to a compromised computer system?

Accepted Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Keylogger

Answer

Botnet

Answer

Spam

Question 13

What is the primary objective of ransomware?

Accepted Answer

To encrypt files on an infected system and demand payment for their decryption

Answer

To permanently delete files from an infected system

Answer

To steal sensitive data

Answer

To create denial-of-service attacks on targeted systems or networks

Question 14

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) is a law that primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Prohibiting unauthorized access to computers and electronic devices

Answer

Establishing penalties for carrying out cyberattacks

Answer

Regulating the use of social media platforms

Answer

Protecting intellectual property rights

Question 15

A botnet is primarily designed to carry out:

Accepted Answer

Launching distributed denial-of-service attacks on target systems

Answer

Sending unsolicited emails (spam)

Answer

Stealing personal information from unsuspecting victims

Answer

Encrypting files on infected systems and demanding ransom payments

Question 16

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands payment to decrypt them?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Trojan

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of a DDoS attack?

Accepted Answer

Overwhelming a target with a flood of traffic

Answer

Exploiting software vulnerabilities

Answer

Encrypting files

Answer

Stealing passwords

Question 18

What is the primary goal of an ethical hacker?

Accepted Answer

To help organizations identify and fix security weaknesses

Answer

To exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems

Answer

To steal sensitive information

Answer

To create new malware

Question 19

Which of the following is **not** a common type of malware?

Accepted Answer

Malware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Adware

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of a virus?

Accepted Answer

To replicate itself and spread to other computers

Answer

To steal personal information

Answer

To encrypt files and demand ransom

Answer

To disable system functionality

Question 21

Which type of malware encrypts files and demands a ransom payment for decryption?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Trojan horse

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)?

Accepted Answer

To define and criminalize cybercrimes

Answer

To regulate the use of the internet

Answer

To protect intellectual property rights

Answer

To prevent identity theft

Question 23

Which of the following is a key principle of defense-in-depth for preventing malware attacks?

Accepted Answer

Teaching users about malware risks and how to avoid them.

Accepted Answer

Using firewalls and intrusion detection systems to watch for and block suspicious activity on the network.

Accepted Answer

Making sure passwords are strong and using two-factor authentication for better account security.

Answer

Depending only on antivirus software.

Question 24

How does sandboxing aid in the effective detection of malware?

Accepted Answer

Isolates and executes suspicious software in a secure, controlled environment

Answer

Employs advanced algorithms to automatically detect malicious code

Answer

Prevents malware from spreading to other systems on a network

Question 25

Identify the option that is NOT a type of malware:

Accepted Answer

Adware

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Ransomware

Question 26

What is the primary objective of a ransomware attack?

Accepted Answer

Encrypting computer files and demanding a ransom

Answer

Stealing personal data

Answer

Spreading to other computers and devices

Answer

Disrupting network services

Question 27

Identify the type of malware often distributed through social engineering techniques:

Accepted Answer

Trojan

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Spyware

Question 28

Which behavior is NOT considered a best practice for maintaining online safety?

Accepted Answer

Sharing personal information on social media

Answer

Using strong and unique passwords

Answer

Being cautious of unsolicited emails and messages

Answer

Updating software and operating systems regularly

Question 29

What is the primary function of a worm?

Accepted Answer

To replicate itself and spread to other computers

Answer

To encrypt files and demand ransom

Answer

To steal sensitive data

Answer

To disable computer systems

Question 30

What is the primary purpose of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)?

Accepted Answer

To prohibit unauthorized access to computer systems

Answer

To regulate the use of social media

Answer

To protect intellectual property rights

Answer

To govern electronic commerce

Question 31

What is the primary objective of ransomware?

Accepted Answer

To encrypt files and demand payment for decryption

Answer

To destroy data

Answer

To steal sensitive information

Answer

To disrupt computer systems

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a best practice for preventing phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

Click on all links in emails from unknown senders

Answer

Be cautious of unsolicited emails and links

Answer

Inspect the sender's email address and website

Answer

Use complex and unique passwords

Question 33

What is the primary objective of the Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime (CECC)?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the exploitation of electronic communication networks for criminal activities

Answer

To regulate the application of artificial intelligence in cyber operations

Answer

To establish worldwide benchmarks for data privacy and protection

Answer

To promote the development of international cybersecurity strategies

Question 34

In complex IT environments, which factor presents a significant challenge in detecting malware?

Accepted Answer

Lack of visibility across interconnected systems

Answer

Evolving malware signatures

Answer

Insufficient resources for comprehensive scanning

Answer

Shortage of skilled security professionals

Question 35

Which type of malware locks files and demands payment for their release?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Trojan

Answer

Worm

Answer

Virus

Question 36

What is the primary function of antivirus software?

Accepted Answer

To locate and eliminate malware.

Answer

To enhance system efficiency.

Answer

To back up essential data.

Answer

To protect against network attacks.

Question 37

Which method is NOT commonly used for spreading malware?

Accepted Answer

Physical contact

Answer

Phishing scams

Answer

Email attachments

Answer

Software downloads

Question 38

How does a firewall protect against cyber threats?

Accepted Answer

It blocks unauthorized access to a network.

Answer

It detects and removes malware.

Answer

It backs up critical systems.

Answer

It encrypts data.

Question 39

Which type of cyberattack involves using social engineering to steal sensitive information?

Accepted Answer

Phishing

Answer

Ransomware attack

Answer

Malware attack

Answer

DDoS attack

Question 40

When responding to a malware attack, what should be the initial step?

Accepted Answer

Isolating the infected device

Answer

Running antivirus scans

Answer

Paying the ransom

Answer

Contacting law enforcement

Question 41

Which law addresses unauthorized entry into computer systems?

Accepted Answer

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Answer

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Answer

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Answer

Patriot Act

Question 42

What is the significance of ethical hacking in preventing cyberattacks?

Accepted Answer

It helps uncover vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

Answer

It aids in data recovery.

Answer

It supports the prosecution of cybercriminals.

Question 43

Which measure is important in preventing phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

Verifying URLs and sender email addresses

Answer

Ignoring security alerts

Answer

Sharing personal information via email

Answer

Clicking on all email links

Question 44

What is the purpose of a honeynet?

Accepted Answer

To deceive and apprehend cybercriminals

Answer

To prevent malware infections

Answer

To monitor network traffic

Answer

To store confidential data

Question 45

Which type of malware extorts money by encrypting a victim's files and demanding payment to decrypt them?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Worm

Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Virus

Question 46

What is the primary goal of a worm in a cyberattack?

Accepted Answer

To self-replicate without human interaction

Answer

To steal sensitive data

Answer

To launch denial-of-service attacks

Answer

To encrypt files for ransom

Question 47

What is the main objective of a phishing attack?

Accepted Answer

To deceive individuals into divulging confidential information

Answer

To install malware on a victim's device

Answer

To encrypt files on a victim's computer

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of a firewall in protecting against cyber threats?

Accepted Answer

To block unauthorized access to a network

Answer

To encrypt data

Answer

To detect and remove malware

Answer

To prevent phishing attacks

Question 49

Which legal statute criminalizes unauthorized access to computer systems and networks in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)

Answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Answer

Patriot Act

Answer

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Question 50

Ethical cybersecurity professionals prioritize which of the following:

Accepted Answer

Protecting data and systems while respecting privacy and civil liberties

Answer

Prioritizing business interests over ethical considerations

Answer

Using their knowledge and skills for personal gain

Question 51

What is the term for intentionally spreading false or misleading information to cause harm or confusion?

Accepted Answer

Disinformation

Answer

Spam

Answer

Phishing

Answer

Hacking

Question 52

Which of the following practices is recommended for creating strong and secure passwords?

Accepted Answer

Use a combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols

Answer

Use a single word that is easy to remember

Answer

Reuse the same password for multiple accounts