Endocrine System: Hormones and Glands - Medical Terminology Quizzes

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 2

Which gland is responsible for producing melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 3

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Constipation

Question 4

The term "endocrine" primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer

Hormones that regulate bodily functions

Answer

Cells that receive hormone signals

Answer

Hormones that directly affect target cells

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of chemical messenger released by endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Mineral

Answer

Peptide hormone

Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Amine hormone

Question 6

What is the nature of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Synergistic

Answer

Antagonistic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Independent

Question 7

Which gland is the primary source of growth hormone in the body?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pineal gland

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 9

Which gland produces growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 10

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the body's response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 11

Which gland is responsible for producing thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thymus gland

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating immune responses

Answer

Regulating metabolism

Answer

Controlling reproduction

Answer

Maintaining fluid balance

Question 13

What is the condition called when the thyroid gland is underactive?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 14

Which hormone is involved in promoting bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 15

What is the term for the process by which hormones attach to receptors on target cells?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Answer

Secretion

Answer

Feedback

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing digestive enzymes

Answer

Regulating metabolism and energy balance

Answer

Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer

Controlling blood pressure and heart rate

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, releasing glucose into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 18

What is the name of the gland that secretes the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 19

Which of the following endocrine disorders is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 20

Which hormone is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and plays a crucial role in sexual development and reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucocorticoid

Question 21

Which of the following hormones is the primary regulator of blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake and utilization by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 22

Which of the following glands is NOT part of the endocrine system because it does not secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Salivary glands

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 23

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 24

What is the medical term used to describe an overactive pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpituitarism

Answer

Hypopituitarism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 25

Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 26

The primary function of parathyroid hormone is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate calcium levels

Answer

Stimulate thyroid hormone production

Answer

Control stress response

Answer

Produce insulin

Question 27

Which hormone is known for its role in the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Endorphin

Question 28

What is the medical condition associated with an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 29

Which hormone, produced by the ovaries, plays a key role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 30

What is the medical term for a hormone that stimulates target cells to produce other hormones?

Accepted Answer

Tropic hormone

Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Neurohormone

Answer

Amino acid hormone

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the primary functions of the testes in the male endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Producing testosterone, sperm, and influencing secondary sexual characteristics.

Answer

Producing estrogen, regulating menstrual cycles, and preparing for pregnancy.

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels, secreting insulin and glucagon, and maintaining glucose balance.

Answer

Producing growth hormone, stimulating bone growth, and regulating metabolism.

Question 32

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Question 33

Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland

Answer

Exocrine gland

Answer

Paracrine gland

Answer

Autocrine gland

Question 34

Rapid heartbeat is a symptom of:

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 35

What gland produces hormones that promote growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 36

Which hormone helps the body respond to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Prolactin

Question 37

Which function is NOT performed by the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Digests food

Answer

Regulates metabolism

Answer

Controls body temperature

Answer

Stimulates growth and development

Question 38

Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels and is produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 39

Which gland regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Question 40

Which hormone acts on neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Exocrine

Question 41

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 42

Which endocrine gland is considered the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pancreas

Question 43

What is the primary function of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulates the release of stress hormones

Answer

Controls fluid balance

Answer

Inhibits bone growth

Question 44

Which endocrine gland is responsible for producing growth hormone, a hormone essential for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 45

What is the name of the condition characterized by an overactive adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Thyroiditis

Question 46

Which of the following conditions is NOT a type of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Question 47

What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline

Answer

Inhibits hormone production

Answer

Regulates blood glucose levels

Answer

Controls growth and development

Question 48

Which hormone, known as the 'stress hormone,' is released during the body's 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 49

Which endocrine gland produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Thymus gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 50

Which of the following conditions is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease