Cells and Heredity: Master the Building Blocks of Life

Question 1

Which cell division process produces two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 2

Cell division occurs in a specific sequence of stages. Which of the following lists the stages in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Interphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase

Answer

Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase

Question 3

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Blending of alleles in the offspring

Answer

Segregation of alleles during gamete formation

Answer

Independent assortment of alleles for different genes during gamete formation

Answer

Dominance of certain alleles over others

Question 4

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Possession of a cell membrane

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of DNA

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Metaphase

Question 6

In Mendelian genetics, which statement accurately describes a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the expression of a recessive allele.

Answer

It is only expressed in individuals with two copies of the allele.

Answer

It always leads to a recessive trait.

Answer

It is exclusively located on the X chromosome.

Question 7

In which order do these stages of mitosis occur: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Metaphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase

Answer

Anaphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase

Answer

Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase

Question 8

Which type of cell division is NOT found in eukaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Binary Fission

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Question 9

Which cell structure is responsible for making proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Answer

Interphase

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 11

In a eukaryotic cell, what is the main role of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Transporting materials

Answer

Regulating cell division

Question 12

Which process involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Transcription

Question 13

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification, sorting, and packaging

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid production

Answer

ATP generation

Question 14

In the cell division process, what is the correct sequence of events, beginning with the initial duplication of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Interphase

Answer

Cytokinesis, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase

Answer

Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Interphase, Prophase, Cytokinesis

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information to daughter cells during cell division.

Answer

To produce new proteins for cellular processes and repair.

Answer

To repair damaged genetic material and maintain genome integrity.

Question 16

In which cell division process do homologous chromosomes separate randomly into daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis II

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 17

What feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Absence of a nucleus

Answer

Smaller size than prokaryotic cells

Answer

Lack of a cytoskeleton

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Generating energy for the cell

Answer

Protecting the cell

Answer

Regulating the movement of substances

Answer

Facilitating communication with other cells

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Cholesterol

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation that affects the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Promoter mutation

Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Substitution mutation

Question 21

Within eukaryotic cells, which structure is primarily responsible for producing ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 22

In a eukaryotic cell, where does protein synthesis primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

According to Mendelian principles, how are traits inherited?

Accepted Answer

Distinct, independent units

Answer

Blended fashion

Answer

Continuous, varying range

Answer

Dominant or recessive manner

Question 24

Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 25

Which process results in haploid (n) cells from diploid (2n) cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 26

Which characteristic is NOT typical of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Membrane-enclosed nucleus

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 27

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the sequence of:

Accepted Answer

Amino acids in proteins

Answer

Nucleotides in RNA

Answer

Sugars in DNA

Answer

Lipids in cell membranes

Question 28

In an individual homozygous for a dominant trait, which allele is expressed?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Co-dominant allele

Answer

Heterozygous allele

Question 29

Which technique separates DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 30

Which of the following scientists is known for their contributions to the field of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Albert Einstein

Question 31

What is the term for the different forms of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Genotypes

Answer

Phenotypes

Answer

Traits

Question 32

What is the process by which genetic information from DNA is used to create proteins?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Mutation

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of an inherited trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Acquired skills

Answer

Social behavior

Question 34

Which characteristic is NOT associated with living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Absence of responsiveness

Answer

Organized structure

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Metabolism

Question 35

The basic unit of life, the smallest functional unit of an organism, is the:

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Organ

Answer

Tissue

Question 36

Which of these cell organelles is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Nucleus

Question 37

The process by which genetic material is passed from a parent to its offspring is called:

Accepted Answer

Heredity

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Variation

Answer

Selection

Question 38

Which molecule serves as the genetic blueprint for an organism?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Lipid

Question 39

Which type of cell division produces two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Fragmentation

Question 40

According to which law by Gregor Mendel, genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Dominance

Answer

Law of Incomplete Dominance

Question 41

Which of these genetic disorders is caused by the presence of an extra copy of a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Hemophilia

Question 42

What is the primary role of natural selection in evolution?

Accepted Answer

Favoring traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction

Answer

Creating entirely new species

Answer

Preventing the extinction of species

Answer

Maintaining genetic diversity within populations

Question 43

Which of the following best describes a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells.

Answer

Mitosis involves chromosome duplication, while meiosis does not.

Answer

Mitosis is used for sexual reproduction, while meiosis is used for growth and repair.

Question 44

What is the main role of ribosomes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Making proteins

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Moving materials around the cell

Answer

Creating energy for the cell

Question 45

Which feature is exclusive to meiosis and not found in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Halving of chromosome number

Answer

Separation of sister chromatids

Answer

Division of cytoplasm

Answer

Production of genetically identical daughter cells

Question 46

Which essential component forms the structure and function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 47

Explain the key differences between mitosis and meiosis, emphasizing their respective roles in the life cycle of organisms.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis occurs in body cells, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one round of chromosome duplication and division, while meiosis involves two rounds.

Answer

Both mitosis and meiosis are continuous processes.

Question 48

In eukaryotic cells, protein synthesis primarily occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 49

The genetic information in humans is stored in:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 50

The process by which genetic information is converted from DNA into a protein is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Answer

Replication and transcription

Answer

Translation and replication

Answer

Mutation and translation

Question 51

Which allele will always be expressed in an individual's phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Codominant allele

Answer

Incomplete dominant allele

Question 52

A normal human somatic cell contains

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes

Answer

23 chromosomes

Answer

92 chromosomes

Answer

246 chromosomes

Question 53

Which event introduces new alleles into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Independent assortment

Answer

Crossing over

Answer

Gene flow

Question 54

The scientific study of heredity is called:

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Cytology

Answer

Molecular biology

Answer

Evolution

Question 55

Which biological process ensures the transfer of genetic information from parents to their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

DNA replication

Question 56

Highlight the fundamental differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain how these distinctions influence their respective roles in the life cycle of organisms.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis yields two diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves a single round of chromosome duplication and division, while meiosis involves two rounds.

Question 57

During meiosis in diploid organisms, what is the chromosome composition of the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cells

Answer

Identical to the diploid cells

Answer

Double the number of chromosomes as the diploid cells

Answer

Varies depending on the organism

Question 58

Which nitrogenous base is NOT present in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 59

Describe the key differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain how these distinctions impact genetic variation, sexual reproduction, and the life cycle of organisms.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is used for somatic cell division, while meiosis is used for gamete cell division.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is a continuous process, while meiosis involves two distinct divisions.

Answer

Mitosis occurs in both diploid and haploid cells, while meiosis occurs only in diploid cells.

Question 60

Which sequence correctly orders the stages of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1, S, G2, M

Answer

M, G1, S, G2

Answer

G2, M, G1, S

Answer

S, G2, G1, M

Question 61

Which process creates daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 62

Which fundamental unit of life performs all essential life functions?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Question 63

What genetic material carries hereditary information from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Lipid

Question 64

Which renowned scientist is recognized for his contributions to the theory of evolution through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick