Master Descriptive Statistics: A Key to Data Analysis

Question 1

Which measure of central tendency indicates the value that appears most frequently in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 2

Which of the following is a measure of variability, not a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 3

Which of the following is a measure of variability, rather than a measure of central tendency, used to describe the 'spread' of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 4

Which measure of central tendency is most heavily influenced by outliers?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Trimmed mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 5

A dataset has values ranging from 10 to 50. The standard deviation of the dataset is 12. Calculate the variance.

Accepted Answer

144

Answer

24

Answer

10

Answer

12

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Range

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Variance

Question 7

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for a dataset containing outliers?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Question 8

A dataset has a standard deviation of 0. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

All data points are identical.

Answer

The data is normally distributed.

Answer

The data has a wide range of values.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Making inferences about a larger population.

Answer

Providing insights into data characteristics.

Answer

Summarizing large amounts of data.

Answer

Identifying patterns and trends in data.

Question 10

Which of the following would result in an increased standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

Increased spread of data points.

Answer

Outliers being removed from the dataset.

Answer

Decreased number of data points.

Question 11

Which of the following measures of central tendency is most appropriate for skewed data?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Question 12

A data set has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Calculate the z-score for a value of 60.

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

0.5

Answer

-1

Answer

2

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Range

Answer

Variance

Question 14

Which of the following data types is most suitable for representing non-numerical, qualitative variables?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Answer

Ordinal

Answer

Ratio

Answer

Interval

Question 15

What is the mode of the following data set: 10, 12, 10, 15, 12?

Accepted Answer

10, 12

Answer

12

Answer

10

Answer

15

Question 16

In a normal distribution, what percentage of data points lies within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

68%

Answer

50%

Answer

95%

Answer

75%

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential drawback of using descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

May conceal underlying patterns and relationships.

Answer

Always provides a complete representation of the data.

Answer

Cannot be used for inferential statistics.

Answer

Is difficult to interpret.

Question 18

What is the recommended approach for dealing with outliers in descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Investigate and consider removing if appropriate after examining their impact.

Answer

Always discard outliers.

Answer

Ignore the presence of outliers.

Answer

Replace outliers with the mean or median.

Question 19

Which measure of central tendency is most drastically affected by outliers?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Median

Question 20

What is the variance of a dataset consisting of a single, constant value?

Accepted Answer

0

Answer

The value itself

Answer

Cannot be determined from the given information

Answer

1

Question 21

Which graphical representation is most appropriate for visualizing the distribution of a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart

Answer

Box plot

Answer

Histogram

Answer

Scatterplot

Question 22

Calculate the standard deviation of the following dataset: 10, 12, 14, 16, 18

Accepted Answer

2.83

Answer

6

Answer

2

Answer

4

Question 23

Identify the mode of the following dataset: 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8

Accepted Answer

4, 6

Answer

6

Answer

4

Answer

2, 8

Question 24

Which measure quantifies the degree of linear association between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Variance

Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 25

Which measure of central tendency is most sensitive to extreme values in the dataset (outliers)?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Median

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 26

The range of a dataset is calculated by subtracting the _____ from the _____

Accepted Answer

Maximum value; minimum value

Answer

Median; mode

Answer

Mean; standard deviation

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Range

Answer

Variance

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 28

The standard deviation measures the _____ of data values from the _____

Accepted Answer

Spread; mean

Answer

Variation; mode

Answer

Outliers; range

Answer

Skewness; median

Question 29

Which measure of central tendency is the most appropriate for data distributions that are noticeably skewed?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Geometric mean

Question 30

The mode of a dataset is the value that _____

Accepted Answer

Appears most frequently

Answer

Is the middle value

Answer

Has the highest sum

Answer

Is the average of all values

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an application of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Making predictions about future outcomes

Answer

Identifying trends

Answer

Summarizing data

Answer

Comparing different groups

Question 32

Descriptive statistics are primarily used to _____ data

Accepted Answer

Describe

Answer

Predict

Answer

Infer

Answer

Transform

Question 33

Which measure of central tendency is most suitable for a skewed distribution?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Question 34

Which statistical measure indicates the typical distance of data points from the mean?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Interquartile range

Answer

Variance

Answer

Range

Question 35

A data set has a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 5. What is the z-score for an observation with a value of 25?

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

2.5

Answer

0.5

Question 36

What primary function does a box plot fulfill?

Accepted Answer

Displaying the distribution of data and identifying potential outliers

Answer

Comparing multiple data sets

Answer

Computing the mean and standard deviation

Question 37

Which of the following is not a measure of skewness?

Accepted Answer

Coefficient of variation

Answer

Bowley's measure of skewness

Answer

Fisher-Pearson coefficient of skewness

Answer

Pearson's skewness coefficient

Question 38

What is the fundamental purpose of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Summarizing and presenting data in a clear and meaningful way.

Answer

Testing hypotheses about a population

Answer

Making accurate predictions about future events

Question 39

Which common application of descriptive statistics is used in data science?

Accepted Answer

Creating summary statistics for large data sets to identify trends and patterns.

Answer

Performing hypothesis testing to determine the significance of a relationship.

Answer

Predicting customer churn using machine learning algorithms.

Question 40

Which measure of central tendency is most sensitive to outliers?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 41

Which measure of central tendency is disproportionately influenced by extreme values and therefore most susceptible to outliers?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Range

Answer

Mode

Question 42

What aspect of the data's distribution does the standard deviation primarily measure?

Accepted Answer

The amount of variation or dispersion from the mean

Answer

The average of the data points

Answer

The most frequently occurring value

Answer

The difference between the highest and lowest values

Question 43

If a data set has a standard deviation of 8, what is its corresponding variance?

Accepted Answer

64

Answer

128

Answer

16

Answer

32

Question 44

For the data set {2, 6, 4, 3, 9, 1}, what is the median?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

3

Answer

6

Answer

5

Question 45

The range of a data set is the:

Accepted Answer

Difference between the maximum and minimum values

Answer

Sum of all values

Answer

Average of all values

Answer

Most commonly occurring value

Question 46

The primary purpose of descriptive statistics is to:

Accepted Answer

Summarize and profile the key features of a data set

Answer

Make predictions about future events

Answer

Draw inferences about a larger population

Question 47

Which of the following is a key advantage of using descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Providing a concise overview of the data's characteristics

Answer

Offering highly accurate predictions

Answer

Enabling generalizations to a wider population

Answer

Testing hypotheses and making causal inferences

Question 48

A data scientist wants to find the most frequent data point in a dataset. Which measure of central tendency should they use?

Accepted Answer

Mode

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT sensitive to outliers?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Standard Deviation

Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Question 50

The ages of participants in a study are: 25, 28, 21, 35, 28, and 32. What is the mean age of the participants?

Accepted Answer

28.17

Answer

30

Answer

29.5

Answer

28

Question 51

Which measure of variability describes the spread of data around the mean?

Accepted Answer

Standard Deviation

Answer

Range

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 52

A dataset has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5. What percentage of the data falls within the range of 45 to 55 (assuming a normal distribution)?

Accepted Answer

68.27%

Answer

95.45%

Answer

50%

Question 53

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Variance

Answer

Standard Deviation

Answer

Interquartile Range

Question 54

If a dataset has a variance of 16, what is its standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

32

Answer

256

Question 55

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for ordinal data?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Range

Answer

Mode

Question 56

A distribution is skewed to the right. What can be inferred about the relationship between the mean and the median?

Accepted Answer

Mean is greater than the median

Answer

Mean is equal to the median

Answer

Mean is less than the median

Answer

Relationship cannot be determined

Question 57

What does a small standard deviation indicate about the data points in a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Data points are clustered closely around the mean

Answer

Data points are spread out widely from the mean

Answer

The data is skewed to the right

Answer

The data is bimodal