Digestive Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which of these is a typical symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent coughing

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Leg cramps

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

High fiber diet

Answer

Low socioeconomic status

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 3

What is the characteristic endoscopic finding of gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Accepted Answer

Erosive esophagitis

Answer

Hiatal hernia without esophagitis

Answer

Normal mucosa

Answer

Gastric polyps

Question 4

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Age over 50 years

Answer

Male gender

Answer

Family history of colorectal cancer

Question 5

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Alcohol abuse

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Trauma

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Epigastric pain

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential complication of ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Toxic megacolon

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Jaundice

Question 8

What is the primary treatment goal for celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Gluten-free diet

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a common presenting symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Regurgitation

Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Nausea

Question 10

Which of the following is the primary causative agent of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use

Answer

Hyperacidity

Answer

Stress

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential life-threatening complication of ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Toxic megacolon

Answer

Obstruction

Answer

Perforation

Answer

Fistula formation

Question 12

Which of the following is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 13

Which of the following is a surgical treatment option for colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

Colectomy

Answer

Gastrectomy

Answer

Pancreatectomy

Answer

Cholecystectomy

Question 14

Which of the following is a major clinical presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Leg swelling

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Flatulence

Question 15

In gastric digestion, which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down proteins?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Lactase

Question 16

Which of the following conditions is characterized by persistent inflammation of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer

Gastroparesis

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 17

What is the primary underlying cause of lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of lactase enzyme

Answer

Malabsorption of bile acids

Answer

Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine

Answer

Increased colonic motility

Question 18

In the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, which imaging technique is most commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Question 19

In the management of acute pancreatitis, what is the primary initial approach?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluid resuscitation and pain control

Answer

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Antibiotic administration

Question 20

What is the principal cause of liver cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammation of the liver

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Answer

Physical trauma

Answer

Genetic abnormalities

Question 21

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical manifestation of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption and weight loss

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Joint pain

Answer

Hair loss

Question 22

What is the main mechanism by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects on digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Promoting the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut

Answer

Improving nutrient absorption

Answer

Reducing gastrointestinal inflammation

Answer

Preventing infections

Question 23

Which of the following is a primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dysfunction

Answer

Delayed gastric emptying

Answer

Increased gastric acid production

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Question 24

What is a hallmark symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain relieved by defecation

Answer

Rectal bleeding

Answer

Persistent diarrhea

Answer

Weight loss

Question 25

Which of the following is the initial treatment of choice for acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care (intravenous fluids, pain management)

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential complication of Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Perianal fistula

Answer

Melena

Answer

Cholecystitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 27

What is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen overdose

Answer

Alcohol-related liver disease

Answer

Viral hepatitis

Answer

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 28

What is the cornerstone of treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise)

Answer

Medications

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Liver transplantation

Question 29

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Colorectal cancer

Answer

Pancreatitis

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Renal failure

Question 30

What is considered the 'gold standard' screening test for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

CT colonography

Answer

Stool occult blood test

Answer

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Dyspepsia

Question 32

Which type of gastritis is most commonly associated with _Helicobacter pylori_ infection?

Accepted Answer

Antral gastritis

Answer

Fundic gastritis

Answer

Corporal gastritis

Question 33

What is the most prevalent etiology of acute pancreatitis in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones obstructing the common bile duct and/or pancreatic duct

Answer

Autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune pancreatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

Answer

Viral infection, such as mumps or coxsackievirus

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption over a prolonged period

Question 34

During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which endoscopic finding is strongly suggestive of common bile duct stones?

Accepted Answer

A filling defect within the lumen of the common bile duct

Answer

Dilated pancreatic duct with irregular margins

Answer

Bile leak from the papilla of Vater

Answer

Irregular mucosal surface of the common bile duct

Question 35

Which of the following is a typical symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort that is relieved by defecation

Answer

Significant weight loss unexplained by other causes

Answer

High-grade fever, suggesting an infectious or inflammatory process

Answer

Bloody diarrhea, indicating the presence of blood in the stool

Question 36

In the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which class of medications is typically employed as the first-line therapy?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors, which suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase pump in the gastric parietal cells

Answer

Antacids, which neutralize gastric acid and provide symptomatic relief

Answer

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists, which reduce gastric acid production by blocking histamine receptors on the gastric parietal cells

Answer

Prokinetics, which enhance gastric emptying and reduce the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus

Question 37

In peptic ulcer disease, which symptom is most frequently experienced?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Question 38

What is the primary cause of Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel condition?

Accepted Answer

Unknown

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Autoimmune disorder

Question 39

Which of the following is a defining symptom of ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Bloody diarrhea

Answer

Unexplained weight loss

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Fever

Question 40

In the context of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), what is the gold standard diagnostic test?

Accepted Answer

No definitive test exists

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Endoscopy

Question 41

Which of the following is a potential complication of diverticular disease, a condition characterized by pouches in the colon?

Accepted Answer

Diverticulitis

Answer

Cholecystitis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Pancreatitis

Question 42

The pancreas has several crucial functions. Which of the following is its primary role?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Supporting immune system function

Answer

Detoxifying the body

Question 43

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis, a sudden inflammation of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Alcoholism

Question 44

In chronic pancreatitis, which of the following symptoms is frequently observed?

Accepted Answer

Steatorrhea

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 45

Which of the following is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Fever

Question 46

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Stress

Answer

Autoimmune disorder

Question 47

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Old age

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Question 48

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Produces enzymes for digestion and hormones for glucose regulation

Answer

Stores bile

Answer

Filters blood

Question 49

Which of the following is a symptom of lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Gas, bloating, and diarrhea

Answer

Vomiting and fever

Answer

Rash and itching

Answer

Constipation and stomach pain

Question 50

What is the recommended screening test for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Question 51

Which of the following is a characteristic of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption of nutrients due to gluten intolerance

Answer

Inflammation of the stomach lining

Answer

Excessive bile production

Question 52

What is the primary treatment for gallstones?

Accepted Answer

Surgery

Answer

Lifestyle changes

Answer

Diet modification

Answer

Medication