Drug Administration: Routes and Effects - Graduate Health Sciences

Question 1

Which route of drug administration is most frequently used for oral medications?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Rectal

Answer

Transdermal

Question 2

Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of administering drugs intravenously (IV)?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection

Answer

Rapid onset of action

Answer

High bioavailability

Answer

Convenience and comfort for the patient

Question 3

Which route of drug administration provides the most rapid onset of action, allowing for immediate systemic effects?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 4

Which route of drug administration is most appropriate for administering large volumes of fluids or electrolytes, such as in cases of dehydration or electrolyte imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential limitation or disadvantage associated with the subcutaneous route of drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Limited volume that can be administered, restricting the delivery of large doses or fluids.

Answer

Rapid absorption, ensuring a quick onset of action.

Answer

Sustained release of the drug, providing prolonged therapeutic effects.

Answer

Minimal pain and discomfort at the injection site.

Question 6

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with intravenous drug administration that requires immediate attention?

Accepted Answer

Extravasation, where the drug solution infiltrates surrounding tissues, causing pain, swelling, and potential tissue damage.

Answer

Abscess, a localized collection of pus at the injection site.

Answer

Injection site pain, which is typically mild and transient.

Answer

Hematoma, a collection of blood at the injection site.

Question 7

As a nurse administering medications, which of the following actions is a crucial responsibility to ensure patient safety?

Accepted Answer

Verifying the patient's identity and allergies prior to medication administration, minimizing the risk of errors.

Answer

Prescribing the correct dose, which is the responsibility of the prescribing healthcare provider.

Answer

Educating the patient about the medication, which is important but not the primary responsibility during administration.

Answer

Assessing the patient's vital signs, which is typically done before and after medication administration.

Question 8

When selecting the appropriate route of drug administration for a pediatric patient, which factor should be carefully considered?

Accepted Answer

Age and weight, as these parameters影響 drug metabolism, distribution, and clearance in children.

Answer

Race

Answer

Gender

Answer

Medical history

Question 9

Which of the following is a key advantage of utilizing an electronic prescribing system in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Reduced medication errors, as electronic systems provide automated checks, alerts, and reminders, minimizing the risk of prescribing and dispensing errors.

Answer

Improved communication between healthcare providers

Answer

Lower medication costs

Answer

Increased patient satisfaction

Question 10

Which route of drug administration has the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 11

What is the term for the process by which drugs are chemically altered by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Distribution

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Excretion

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of administering a loading dose of a drug?

Accepted Answer

To rapidly achieve therapeutic drug concentrations

Answer

To maintain steady-state drug concentrations

Answer

To prevent drug accumulation

Answer

To reduce the risk of adverse effects

Question 13

Which of the following factors is most important to consider when administering drugs to older adults?

Accepted Answer

Altered organ function (e.g., reduced liver and kidney function)

Answer

Faster metabolic rate

Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Increased body weight

Question 14

What is the most serious potential consequence of noncompliance with a drug regimen?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic failure

Answer

Increased cost of treatment

Answer

Delayed onset of action

Answer

Increased risk of side effects

Question 15

Which route of drug administration provides the most rapid onset of action and directly enters the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Intramuscular

Question 16

Which route of drug administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and introduces the drug directly into the body?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral

Answer

Oral

Answer

Rectal

Answer

Topical

Question 17

Which factor primarily influences the rate of drug absorption through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Skin permeability

Answer

Drug dosage

Answer

Drug concentration

Answer

Route of administration

Question 18

What is the primary mechanism by which drugs are distributed throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood circulation

Answer

Lymphatic system

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Question 19

Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of drugs in the body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Brain

Question 20

What is the primary route by which drugs are excreted from the body?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Skin

Question 21

Explain the difference between bioavailability and bioequivalence.

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability measures the fraction of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation, while bioequivalence compares the bioavailability of two different drug products containing the same active ingredient.

Answer

Bioavailability measures the rate at which a drug is absorbed, while bioequivalence measures the extent of absorption.

Question 22

Identify a potential complication associated with intravenous drug administration.

Accepted Answer

Phlebitis

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Skin irritation

Answer

Hypotension

Question 23

Which route of drug administration involves direct injection into a vein?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Topical

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 24

What is a key advantage of the intramuscular route of injection compared to the intravenous route?

Accepted Answer

Slower drug absorption rate

Answer

Suitable for large volume administration

Answer

Minimal risk of infection

Answer

Rapid drug absorption into the bloodstream

Question 25

Which of the following factors does NOT influence drug absorption through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Skin thickness

Answer

Drug formulation

Answer

Drug concentration

Question 26

What is the primary mechanism responsible for distributing drugs throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood circulation

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 27

Which enzyme system plays a predominant role in drug metabolism in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Pepsin

Question 28

What type of drug elimination involves the removal of unchanged drugs or their metabolites through urine?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion

Answer

Pulmonary excretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Answer

Hepatic excretion

Question 29

Which route of drug administration provides the fastest onset of action and highest bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 30

Which of the following is an advantage of subcutaneous administration over intravenous administration?

Accepted Answer

Lower risk of infection

Answer

Higher bioavailability

Answer

Lower cost

Answer

Faster onset of action

Question 31

Which method of intravenous drug administration involves piercing a vein directly with a needle?

Accepted Answer

Direct intravenous injection

Answer

Peripherally inserted central catheter

Answer

Central venous catheterization

Answer

Intravenous infusion

Question 32

Which route of drug administration results in the fastest onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous Injection

Answer

Oral ingestion

Answer

Transdermal patch

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Question 33

Which of the following factors does NOT affect drug distribution in the body?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Body weight

Answer

Protein binding

Answer

Lipid solubility

Question 34

What is the primary mechanism involved in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic reactions

Answer

Bile

Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Gastric acid

Question 35

What is the primary purpose of using a loading dose in drug administration?

Accepted Answer

To rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels

Answer

To prolong drug duration of action

Answer

To reduce adverse effects

Question 36

Which of the following techniques is employed to administer drugs directly to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Intrathecal injection

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transdermal patch

Question 37

What is a key principle of safe and effective drug administration?

Accepted Answer

The right patient receives the right drug, dose, and route at the right time

Answer

Only use the brand name of the drug

Answer

Mixing medications is always safe

Question 38

What is a key advantage of administering drugs orally?

Accepted Answer

Ease of use and patient convenience

Answer

Precise control over drug release

Answer

Rapid onset of action

Answer

Avoidance of first-pass metabolism

Question 39

Which route of drug administration bypasses the first-pass effect in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Rectal

Answer

Intramuscular

Question 40

Which of the following is a common drawback of intramuscular drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Potential pain and discomfort at the injection site

Answer

Low risk of infection

Answer

High bioavailability

Answer

Controlled and predictable drug release

Question 41

Which route of drug administration is most strongly associated with the risk of anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 42

Which of the following medications is typically administered via inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol (for asthma)

Answer

Insulin (for diabetes)

Answer

Morphine (for pain)

Answer

Heparin (for blood clots)

Question 43

Which route of administration delivers the fastest absorption of a drug into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intramuscular

Question 44

What is the primary advantage of administering drugs orally?

Accepted Answer

Convenience and patient compliance

Answer

Bypass of first-pass metabolism

Answer

Rapid onset of action

Answer

Accurate and precise dosing

Question 45

Which route of administration is most suitable for drugs that require precise dosing and rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Oral

Question 46

What is a potential disadvantage of the intramuscular route of administration?

Accepted Answer

Pain and discomfort at the injection site

Answer

Increased risk of infection

Answer

Variable absorption rates

Question 47

Which route of administration is most suitable for drugs that are highly lipophilic (fat-soluble) and need a sustained release effect?

Accepted Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Question 48

What is the mechanism by which drugs administered via the subcutaneous route enter the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion through capillaries

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport across cell membranes

Question 49

What is a potential risk associated with epidural administration of drugs?

Accepted Answer

Spinal cord damage

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Hemorrhage

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Question 50

What is the purpose of using an iontophoresis patch?

Accepted Answer

Enhance transdermal drug delivery

Answer

Promote wound healing

Answer

Reduce pain at injection site

Answer

Monitor blood glucose levels