Nutritional Value of Food: A Comprehensive Guide for Food Science Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Building muscle mass

Answer

Providing energy for cells

Answer

Storing excess energy for future use

Answer

Supporting brain function

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT classified as a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 3

Identify the vitamin known as the 'sunshine vitamin,' crucial for maintaining bone health.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the primary function of fiber in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Supporting digestive health

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building muscle tissue

Answer

Boosting the immune system

Question 5

Identify the food source that is a rich provider of omega-3 fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

Salmon

Answer

Red meat

Answer

Broccoli

Answer

Whole wheat bread

Question 6

Which cooking method is recognized as the most effective in preserving the nutritional value of fresh vegetables?

Accepted Answer

Steaming

Answer

Frying

Answer

Boiling

Answer

Microwaving

Question 7

Identify the primary distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats.

Accepted Answer

Their chemical structures

Answer

Their dietary sources

Answer

Their caloric content

Answer

Their impact on health

Question 8

Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with a deficiency in vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Night blindness

Answer

Beriberi

Answer

Pellagra

Question 9

Explain the primary function of antioxidants in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing free radicals

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Repairing damaged tissues

Question 10

Which of the following food sources is considered a complete protein, containing all essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Answer

Beans

Answer

Pasta

Answer

Potatoes

Question 11

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Which nutrient is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Question 13

Which of the following food groups is the primary dietary source of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Pasta, bread, and rice

Answer

Meat and seafood

Answer

Vegetables and fruits

Answer

Dairy products and eggs

Question 14

Which of the following is a key function of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Promoting a feeling of fullness (satiety)

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building muscle mass

Answer

Transporting oxygen throughout the body

Question 15

Which mineral is vital for maintaining strong bones and preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Phosphorus

Question 16

Which nutrient is involved in the formation of red blood cells and plays a role in preventing anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Calcium

Question 17

A healthy and balanced diet should provide adequate amounts of:

Accepted Answer

Both macronutrients and micronutrients

Answer

Only macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, fats)

Answer

Only micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals)

Answer

Neither macronutrients nor micronutrients

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a type of macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 19

Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and immune function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 20

How does the body primarily use carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Primarily as a source of energy

Answer

Primarily for building and repairing muscles

Answer

Exclusively for storing fat

Answer

To synthesize vitamins and minerals

Question 21

Why is it crucial to consider Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) when making food choices?

Accepted Answer

DRIs ensure sufficient intake of essential nutrients for optimal health.

Answer

DRIs are only relevant for people with specific health issues.

Answer

Following DRIs guarantees weight loss or gain based on personal goals.

Answer

DRIs are outdated and no longer reflect current nutritional knowledge.

Question 22

Which macronutrient serves as the main energy source for the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Minerals

Question 23

Which vitamin is vital for blood coagulation and wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 24

Which mineral is essential for maintaining regular heart rhythm and muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Zinc

Question 25

What is the primary role of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Aiding in digestion

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 26

Which dietary recommendation is NOT advised for maintaining good health?

Accepted Answer

Prioritize a high-sodium diet

Answer

Limit saturated fat intake

Answer

Consume ample servings of fruits and vegetables

Answer

Stay adequately hydrated

Question 27

What is the term for the biochemical processes that transform nutrients into energy?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Excretion

Question 28

Identify the nutrient-dense food option that is relatively low in calories:

Accepted Answer

Fresh salad

Answer

Candy bar

Answer

Soda

Answer

Pizza slice

Question 29

What is the main structural component of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Glucose molecules

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Nucleotides

Question 30

Which food group provides the body with the essential building blocks, known as amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Protein-rich foods (e.g., meat, beans, soy)

Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Grains and cereals

Question 31

Which of the following correctly explains the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acids must be obtained from food, while non-essential amino acids can be made by the body.

Answer

Non-essential amino acids are found mostly in plants, while essential amino acids are found mostly in animals.

Answer

Essential amino acids are used to build proteins, while non-essential amino acids are not.

Answer

Non-essential amino acids can be changed into essential amino acids, but not the other way around.

Question 32

Identify the nutrient category that does NOT include carbohydrates, fats, or proteins.

Accepted Answer

Micronutrients

Answer

Macronutrients

Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Minerals

Question 33

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in the body's blood clotting process?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K: Necessary for blood coagulation

Answer

Vitamin A: Essential for vision and skin health

Answer

Vitamin C: Contributes to immunity and antioxidant defense

Answer

Vitamin D: Aids in calcium absorption and bone health

Question 34

In the human body, what is the primary role of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Providing the body with energy

Answer

Supporting the growth and repair of tissues

Answer

Transporting oxygen throughout the body

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 35

Which food group is the richest source of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Grains (whole grains, brown rice, quinoa)

Answer

Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese)

Answer

Lean protein sources (chicken, fish, beans)

Question 36

Which mineral is essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium: Contributes to bone density and strength

Answer

Iron: Supports red blood cell production

Answer

Sodium: Regulates fluid balance

Answer

Potassium: Essential for nerve and muscle function

Question 37

What is the primary function of antioxidants in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals

Answer

Promoting inflammation in the body

Answer

Increasing blood sugar levels

Answer

Lowering cholesterol levels

Question 38

Which of the following foods provides a good source of both fiber and protein?

Accepted Answer

Asparagus: High in fiber, folate, and vitamins

Answer

Lean beef: Rich in protein and iron

Answer

Milk: Provides protein, calcium, and vitamin D

Answer

White bread: Primarily a source of carbohydrates

Question 39

Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. Which statement is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid.

Answer

Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are solid.

Answer

All fats are saturated, regardless of their physical state.

Answer

All fats are unsaturated, regardless of their physical state.

Question 40

How do antioxidants help prevent chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, protecting cells from damage that can lead to chronic diseases.

Answer

Antioxidants directly strengthen the immune system's ability to fight infections.

Answer

Antioxidants improve digestion and nutrient absorption.

Answer

Antioxidants regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 41

Which vitamin plays a crucial role in the body's blood clotting process?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 42

Fiber in the diet primarily serves which purpose?

Accepted Answer

Assists with digestion

Answer

Provides energy for the body

Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels

Answer

Builds and repairs tissues

Question 43

Which mineral is essential for the maintenance of strong bones?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Iron

Question 44

Which food group is the primary source of protein?

Accepted Answer

Meat and poultry

Answer

Fruits

Answer

Vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Question 45

In the human diet, what is the principal role of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for bodily functions

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Supporting the immune system

Question 46

Which food group is the primary source of carbohydrates, the body's main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Grains

Answer

Meat

Answer

Fruits

Answer

Vegetables

Question 47

Which mineral is essential for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 48

Which vitamin supports eye health, vision, and reduces the risk of age-related macular degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Retinol (Vitamin A)

Answer

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

Answer

Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

Answer

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Question 49

Which statement about dietary fiber is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber does not contribute to satiety (feeling of fullness).

Answer

Dietary fiber may reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes.

Answer

Dietary fiber aids in digestion and prevents constipation.

Answer

Dietary fiber helps lower blood cholesterol levels.

Question 50

Which food group is the best source of complete protein, providing all the essential amino acids needed by the body?

Accepted Answer

Meat and poultry

Answer

Grains

Answer

Legumes

Answer

Dairy products

Question 51

Which essential trace element is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Iron

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 52

Which food category is a rich source of antioxidants, which protect cells from damage?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Grains

Answer

Meat

Question 53

Which mineral is essential for the production of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Calcium

Question 54

Which term is used to measure the amount of energy provided by food?

Accepted Answer

Calories

Answer

Vitamin content

Answer

Glycemic index

Answer

Protein content

Question 55

Which food group is a valuable source of essential vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants?

Accepted Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Meat and poultry

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Grains