Personality Theories Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Psychology

Question 1

A therapist who believes in helping clients reach their full potential and emphasizes personal growth is most likely following which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Trait

Answer

Behavioral

Question 2

According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the 'pleasure principle', seeking immediate gratification?

Accepted Answer

Id

Answer

Collective Unconscious

Answer

Superego

Answer

Ego

Question 3

Carl Rogers believed that individuals need what essential element for healthy personality development?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Answer

Self-efficacy

Answer

Reciprocal determinism

Answer

Conditions of worth

Question 4

The Big Five personality traits are: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and...

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism

Answer

Psychoticism

Answer

Authoritarianism

Answer

Introversion

Question 5

Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism states that personality is shaped by the interaction between:

Accepted Answer

Personal factors, environment, and behavior

Answer

Thoughts, feelings, and actions

Answer

Genetics, upbringing, and culture

Answer

Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind

Question 6

Someone who is highly organized, responsible, and dependable would likely score high in which trait of the Big Five?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Answer

Extraversion

Answer

Openness

Answer

Agreeableness

Question 7

Which defense mechanism involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Projection

Answer

Regression

Answer

Repression

Question 8

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be met before an individual can focus on belonging and love?

Accepted Answer

Safety and security needs

Answer

Self-actualization needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Answer

Cognitive needs

Question 9

Which theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning and modeling in personality development?

Accepted Answer

Social-Cognitive Theory

Answer

Humanistic Theory

Answer

Psychodynamic Theory

Question 10

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

Childhood experiences significantly influence personality development.

Answer

Personality is fixed and cannot be changed.

Answer

External factors solely determine personality.

Question 11

Who is widely regarded as the founder of Humanistic Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Question 12

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage of development involves the central conflict between intimacy and isolation?

Accepted Answer

Young Adulthood

Answer

Middle Adulthood

Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Early Childhood

Question 13

Which therapeutic technique is frequently employed in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring

Answer

Hypnosis

Answer

Free association

Answer

Dream analysis

Question 14

According to the Five Factor Model (Big Five), which trait describes someone who is organized, responsible, and efficient?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Answer

Agreeableness

Answer

Neuroticism

Answer

Extraversion

Question 15

Which of the following is a common criticism of personality inventories?

Accepted Answer

Results can be skewed due to individuals presenting themselves in a socially desirable way.

Answer

They provide a complete and thorough assessment of an individual's personality.

Answer

Administration and scoring procedures are highly complex and require extensive training.

Answer

They demonstrate exceptionally high levels of reliability across different administrations.

Question 16

Who developed the theory of learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman

Answer

Albert Bandura

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 17

A therapist using a psychodynamic approach would primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Unconscious conflicts and the impact of early childhood experiences.

Answer

Self-actualization and the process of personal growth.

Answer

Cognitive processes and how individuals interpret their experiences.

Answer

Observable behaviors and the influence of environmental factors.

Question 18

According to Freud's structural model of personality, which component operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification?

Accepted Answer

Id

Answer

Preconscious

Answer

Ego

Answer

Superego

Question 19

Someone who consistently demonstrates high levels of organization, detail-orientation, and a preference for routine would likely score high on which trait of the Big Five personality model?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Answer

Agreeableness

Answer

Extraversion

Answer

Openness to Experience

Question 20

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests that individuals are motivated to satisfy their needs in a specific order. Which need is at the summit of the pyramid, representing the highest level of the hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Self-Actualization

Answer

Physiological

Answer

Love and Belonging

Answer

Safety

Question 21

A person who is imaginative, curious, and open to new experiences would likely be considered high in which personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Openness to Experience

Answer

Agreeableness

Answer

Neuroticism

Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 22

Which philosophy is central to Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard and empathy.

Answer

Analyzing specific traits and behaviors.

Answer

Behavioral modification and reinforcement.

Answer

Uncovering unconscious conflicts.

Question 23

Which of these is NOT included among the defense mechanisms described by Sigmund Freud?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Repression

Answer

Projection

Answer

Rationalization

Question 24

A person with a strong sense of self-efficacy is likely to have which belief?

Accepted Answer

Confidence in their ability to achieve their goals.

Answer

Focus on their weaknesses and limitations.

Answer

Susceptibility to the opinions of others.

Answer

Avoidance of risks or challenges.

Question 25

Which personality theory emphasizes the role of observational learning and environmental influences on personality?

Accepted Answer

Social-Cognitive Theory

Answer

Humanistic Theory

Answer

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer

Trait Theory

Question 26

A student who constantemente measures their worth against others and experiences feelings of inadequacy may be facing:

Accepted Answer

Low self-esteem

Answer

High self-efficacy

Answer

Defense mechanisms

Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Question 27

A therapist utilizing the psychodynamic approach would primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Examining unconscious conflicts and tracing their roots in early childhood experiences

Answer

Facilitating self-actualization and maximizing personal growth opportunities

Answer

Exploring learned behaviors and assessing the influence of environmental factors

Question 28

Within the Five Factor Model of personality, which trait is NOT included?

Accepted Answer

Assertiveness

Answer

Extroversion

Answer

Openness

Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 29

According to Carl Rogers' humanistic perspective, the key factor enabling individuals to fulfill their potential and achieve self-growth is:

Accepted Answer

Experiencing unconditional positive regard

Answer

Understanding the impact of early childhood

Answer

Developing robust defense mechanisms

Answer

Maintaining stability and consistency in one's environment

Question 30

An individual with a pronounced need for achievement, as proposed by McClelland, would likely exhibit which倾向性?

Accepted Answer

Embracing challenges and striving for excellence in their pursuits

Answer

Avoiding risks and prioritizing stability and security

Answer

Focusing on building and maintaining strong social connections

Question 31

A critique commonly leveled against trait theories asserts that they:

Accepted Answer

Fail to acknowledge the influence of situational factors on an individual's behavior

Answer

Overemphasize the significance of early childhood experiences

Answer

Lack empirical evidence and rely heavily on subjective self-reporting

Question 32

In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, a person with a strong and well-balanced ego is more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain a healthy equilibrium between instinctive impulses and societal expectations

Answer

Act impulsively and disregard social norms

Answer

Be easily influenced by others and lack a clear sense of self

Question 33

For a teenager grappling with low self-esteem, which therapeutic approach is most likely to be beneficial?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapy

Answer

Behavioral therapy

Answer

Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer

Cognitive therapy

Question 34

Which personality theory places emphasis on the role of learning and observation in shaping an individual's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social-cognitive theory

Answer

Trait theory

Answer

Humanistic theory

Answer

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 35

An individual with a strong internal locus of control believes that:

Accepted Answer

Their actions are directly connected to the outcomes they experience

Answer

Chance and luck play a dominant role in shaping their life

Answer

Their personality is largely inherited and immutable

Answer

External forces and circumstances primarily determine their fate

Question 36

A college applicant who highlights their strengths and accomplishments while also acknowledging areas for improvement is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Ego defense mechanisms

Question 37

A therapist believes that a client's anxiety stems from unresolved conflicts in their childhood. Which theory of personality is this therapist most likely using?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Trait

Question 38

According to Carl Rogers, what is the motivational force driving human growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Defense mechanisms

Answer

Reinforcement

Answer

Libido

Question 39

Which of the following characteristics is NOT part of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Creativity

Answer

Extraversion

Answer

Openness

Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 40

An individual who sets high goals and strives for excellence is likely to have a high need for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Achievement

Answer

Affiliation

Answer

Approval

Answer

Power

Question 41

According to Freud's structural model of personality, which part operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification?

Accepted Answer

Id

Answer

Unconscious

Answer

Superego

Answer

Ego

Question 42

Which defense mechanism involves attributing negative thoughts or feelings to someone else to avoid accepting responsibility for them?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Repression

Answer

Displacement

Question 43

An individual who is organized, follows routines, and meets obligations is likely to be high in which Big Five personality trait?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Answer

Neuroticism

Answer

Extraversion

Answer

Agreeableness

Question 44

Which theory emphasizes that personality is primarily shaped by environmental influences and learning experiences?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Trait

Answer

Cognitive

Question 45

An individual who believes they can control their destiny and influence life outcomes is likely to have a:

Accepted Answer

High internal locus of control

Answer

Low self-esteem

Answer

Low self-efficacy

Answer

High neuroticism

Question 46

Which criticism of the psychoanalytic theory of personality is considered a major weakness?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in empirically testing its concepts

Answer

Emphasis on environmental influences

Answer

Focus on healthy personality development

Answer

Over-reliance on retrospective accounts