Cells and Cell Processes: A Comprehensive Guide for High School Sophomores

Question 1

In the cell cycle, what is the correct sequence of stages?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Interphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Answer

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase, Cytokinesis

Question 2

In plant cells, which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants use sunlight to create food?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell

Answer

Recognizes and responds to external signals

Answer

Provides structural support to the cell

Question 4

What is the role of enzymes in cells?

Accepted Answer

To speed up chemical reactions

Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To transport materials across the cell membrane

Answer

To provide structural support to the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To produce energy for the cell

Answer

To store genetic information

Question 6

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support to the cell

Answer

To transport materials within the cell

Answer

To package and release proteins

Answer

To synthesize carbohydrates

Question 7

What is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 8

What type of plant cell is specialized for photosynthesis and contains numerous chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Palisade cell

Answer

Parenchyma cell

Answer

Collenchyma cell

Answer

Sclerenchyma cell

Question 9

What component of the cell membrane is mainly responsible for transporting substances across it?

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 11

The type of cell division that produces two genetically distinct daughter cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Binary fission

Question 12

Which characteristic is unique to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Lack a nucleus

Answer

Absence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Smaller size compared to prokaryotic cells

Question 13

Which type of transport requires energy to move molecules across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Passive transport

Question 14

The organelle where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which function is carried out by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Answer

Provides structural support to the cell

Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Stores genetic information

Question 16

The genetic material of a cell is primarily located in the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Larger size compared to eukaryotic cells

Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following is the selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 20

The breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy, is termed:

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 21

The process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose is known as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 22

The movement of water into a cell is called:

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 23

Which of the following is a type of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 24

The process by which a cell releases substances outside of itself is:

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 25

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Atom

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Question 26

The process of cell division where two identical daughter cells are formed is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 27

The cell membrane is mainly composed of:

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 28

A primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to:

Accepted Answer

Modify and package proteins

Answer

Break down waste products

Answer

Produce ribosomes

Answer

Store genetic material

Question 29

Diffusion is an example of which type of transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Question 30

Where is the genetic material of a cell primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Which ethical concern is unique to stem cell research?

Accepted Answer

Using human embryos

Answer

Genetic discrimination

Answer

Ineffectiveness in treating diseases

Answer

High cost

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate modification and packaging

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

ATP production

Question 33

What is the term for the process by which cells divide, yielding two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 34

Which of the following serves as the primary energy currency within cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ADP

Answer

NADH

Question 35

What is the primary role of enzymes in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

To accelerate reactions

Answer

To slow down reactions

Answer

To synthesize new molecules

Answer

To break down molecules

Question 36

Which of the following organelles is responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 37

How do passive transport and active transport differ in terms of energy utilization?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy while passive transport does not

Answer

Passive transport requires energy while active transport does not

Answer

Passive transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient while active transport does not

Answer

Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient while passive transport does not

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a feature common to all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Glass-like composition

Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer

DNA

Answer

Ability to reproduce

Question 39

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 40

The movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require energy is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 41

Which of the following is a form of passive transport specifically involving water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 42

Where within the cell does the majority of energy production occur?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 43

A byproduct of photosynthesis is:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Water

Question 44

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Transpiration

Answer

Fermentation

Question 45

A key distinction between plant and animal cells is:

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall

Answer

Animal cells have chloroplasts

Answer

Plant cells are generally larger

Answer

Animal cells lack a nucleus

Question 46

The sequence of events by which cells grow and divide is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Cell cycle

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis