Genetics: Unraveling the Secrets of Heredity and Traits

Question 1

What is the term for the observable traits of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Gene

Question 2

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, what happens during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes separate independently.

Answer

Alleles of the same gene separate independently.

Answer

Gametes always receive two alleles from each parent.

Answer

Homozygous individuals always produce offspring with the same genotype.

Question 3

What forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose and phosphate

Answer

Adenine-thymine pairs

Answer

Cytosine-guanine pairs

Answer

Uracil and adenine

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of genetic mutation?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetic change

Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Question 5

What process converts the genetic code in mRNA into a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 6

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Question 7

What type of genetic material is found in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA

Answer

DNA only

Answer

RNA only

Answer

Protein only

Question 8

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Question 9

In a family where one parent has brown eyes and the other has blue eyes, what is the probability that their child will inherit brown eyes, given that brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Question 10

Which of these is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Question 11

Who discovered the principles of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 12

What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To pass on genetic information

Answer

To create new cells

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Question 13

What is the probability of inheriting two recessive alleles from parents who are both carriers?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 14

What is the process by which DNA is copied called?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 15

What is the basic unit of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleoside

Answer

Biomolecule

Question 16

In a heterozygous genotype, which allele will determine the observable traits?

Accepted Answer

The allele that is dominant

Answer

The allele that is recessive

Answer

Both alleles will equally contribute

Answer

The allele that is inherited from the mother

Question 17

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 18

Which sugar molecule is found within DNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Galactose

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a known mechanism of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Gene flow

Question 20

What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes

Answer

To repair damaged DNA

Answer

To produce somatic cells

Answer

To promote genetic diversity

Question 21

Which genetic disorder results from a mutation in the gene coding for the hemoglobin protein?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 22

How does genetic engineering allow scientists to alter organisms?

Accepted Answer

By adding or modifying genes

Answer

By creating artificial chromosomes

Answer

By changing the number of chromosomes

Answer

By altering the chemical composition of DNA

Question 23

Identify the trait that does NOT exhibit dominant inheritance.

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Brown eyes

Answer

Straight hair

Answer

Tall height

Question 24

What term describes the alternative forms of a gene that determine different traits?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Genotypes

Answer

Phenotypes

Answer

Mutations

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Single strand

Answer

Circular

Answer

Linear

Question 26

What process ensures the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Heredity

Answer

Evolution

Answer

Variation

Answer

Natural selection

Question 27

What term represents the condition where an individual possesses two distinct alleles for a specific gene?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Recessive

Answer

Dominant

Question 28

Identify an example of a trait that is influenced by sex-linked genes.

Accepted Answer

Color blindness

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Height

Answer

Eye color

Question 29

When both parents are homozygous dominant for a particular trait, what is the probability that their offspring will inherit at least one dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Question 30

Which of the following is the basic unit of heredity that controls the traits (characteristics) of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Allele

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a law proposed by Gregor Mendel in his theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Natural Selection

Answer

Law of Dominance

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Segregation

Question 32

Which of the following is a characteristic of dominant alleles?

Accepted Answer

They are always expressed in the observable traits of an organism (phenotype).

Answer

They are always hidden in the genetic makeup of an organism (genotype).

Answer

They are only expressed when present in pairs.

Answer

They are never expressed in the phenotype.

Question 33

What is the probability of inheriting a recessive trait from a parent who carries both dominant and recessive alleles (heterozygous)?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

100%

Question 34

Which carries the instructions for an organism's development?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Chromosome

Question 35

Which is NOT a Mendelian law of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Law of Linked Genes

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Question 36

What is the genotype of an individual that is homozygous for a recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

aa

Answer

AA

Answer

Aa

Answer

aA

Question 37

Which trait is sex-linked?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Autism

Question 38

What is the process of DNA copying during cell division called?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 39

What is a genetic disorder caused by a change in a single gene called?

Accepted Answer

Mendelian disorder

Answer

Chromosomal disorder

Answer

Polygenic disorder

Answer

Multifactorial disorder

Question 40

How does genetic variation provide the foundation for evolution and adaptation of species to their surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation supplies the raw materials for natural selection to operate on.

Answer

Genetic variation remains stable within a species.

Answer

Only specific organisms have genetic variation.

Answer

Genetic variation has no influence on the survival and reproduction of individuals.

Question 41

Which of these techniques involves directly altering the DNA of an organism to change its traits?

Accepted Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Cloning

Answer

Selective breeding

Answer

Gene therapy

Question 42

Who is known as the "Father of Genetics" due to his groundbreaking work on inheritance patterns?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 43

The genetic material that carries the instructions for building proteins is called:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

RNA

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 44

The basic unit of heredity that controls the expression of traits is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Cell

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Question 45

In Mendelian genetics, the Law of Segregation states that:

Accepted Answer

Each parent passes on only one allele for each gene.

Answer

Alleles for different genes are inherited independently.

Answer

The phenotype of an individual is determined by the interaction of multiple genes.

Answer

Dominant alleles are always expressed over recessive alleles.

Question 46

A heterozygous individual for a particular gene will have:

Accepted Answer

One dominant allele and one recessive allele

Answer

Two recessive alleles

Answer

Two dominant alleles

Question 47

If both parents are heterozygous for a recessive trait, the probability of their offspring inheriting two recessive alleles is:

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Diabetes

Question 49

The introduction of genetic variation into a population is primarily driven by:

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Genetic drift

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Natural selection

Question 50

A major ethical concern associated with genetic engineering is:

Accepted Answer

The potential for unintended consequences

Answer

The complexity of the procedures

Answer

The cost of the technology

Answer

The time required to achieve results