Addition and Subtraction for 5th Grade: Master Whole Number Operations

Question 1

Which of the following is an equivalent number sentence to 543 - 234?

Accepted Answer

543 - ? = 234

Answer

234 + ? = 543

Answer

543 + ? = 234

Answer

234 - ? = 543

Question 2

Find the missing number: 678 + ___ = 890

Accepted Answer

212

Answer

112

Answer

312

Answer

412

Question 3

A farmer has 345 sheep. He buys 187 more sheep. How many sheep does he have now?

Accepted Answer

542

Answer

532

Answer

432

Answer

442

Question 4

A rectangular garden has a length of 234 feet and a width of 156 feet. What is the perimeter of the garden?

Accepted Answer

1,170 feet

Answer

390 feet

Answer

780 feet

Answer

910 feet

Question 5

Which of the following is the greatest number?

Accepted Answer

483,789

Answer

456,789

Answer

465,789

Answer

474,789

Question 6

Which of the following is the smallest number?

Accepted Answer

234,567

Answer

345,678

Answer

456,789

Answer

567,890

Question 7

Use mental math to find the difference between 789 and 345:

Accepted Answer

444

Answer

434

Answer

454

Answer

464

Question 8

Lincoln Elementary has 456 students in 5th grade, while Washington Elementary has 321 students in 5th grade. How many more students are at Lincoln Elementary?

Accepted Answer

235 students

Answer

135 students

Answer

335 students

Answer

435 students

Question 9

What is the most efficient way to mentally add 456 and 234?

Accepted Answer

400 + 56 + 200 + 34

Answer

456 + 234

Answer

456 + 200 + 34

Answer

500 + 40 + 200 + 34

Question 10

Find the missing number: 456,000 + ___ = 1,000,000

Accepted Answer

554,000

Answer

544,000

Answer

564,000

Answer

574,000

Question 11

Which number is the greatest?

Accepted Answer

790,102

Answer

678,901

Answer

687,910

Answer

698,011

Question 12

When you add or subtract multiples of 10 or 100, what happens to the digits in the ones place?

Accepted Answer

They remain unchanged.

Answer

They increase by 1.

Answer

They decrease by 1.

Question 13

What is the value when you expand the number 200,000 + 50,000 + 6,000 + 700 + 80 + 9?

Accepted Answer

257,689

Answer

256,789

Answer

265,789

Answer

266,689

Question 14

What's the best method to subtract 2,345 from 9,876 in your head?

Accepted Answer

Break apart the tens, hundreds, and thousands

Answer

Subtract the smaller number from the larger

Answer

Round the numbers and subtract

Answer

None of these

Question 15

Which of the following mental math strategies is most useful for adding a small number, like 25, to a larger number, like 345?

Accepted Answer

Compensation

Answer

Rounding

Answer

Factoring

Answer

Doubling

Question 16

Which of these equations shows that you can add numbers in any order and the answer is the same?

Accepted Answer

12 + 34 = 34 + 12

Answer

12 - 34 = 34 - 12

Answer

12 x 34 = 34 x 12

Answer

12 ÷ 34 = 34 ÷ 12

Question 17

A farmer picked 9,876 apples and gave away 3,542. How many apples did the farmer have left?

Accepted Answer

6,334

Answer

6,434

Answer

6,324

Answer

7,334

Question 18

What is the difference between 999,999 and 100,000?

Accepted Answer

899,999

Answer

909,999

Answer

999,999

Answer

889,999

Question 19

Find the difference between 98,765 and 34,567.

Accepted Answer

64,198

Answer

63,198

Answer

64,298

Answer

65,198

Question 20

A library has 12,500 books. They added 3,750 more books to their collection. How many total books do they have now?

Accepted Answer

16,250

Answer

9,750

Answer

15,250

Answer

16,350

Question 21

Find the sum of 456,789 and 321,098.

Accepted Answer

777,887

Answer

778,887

Answer

767,887

Answer

777,787

Question 22

A train traveled 654,321 miles in one week. The following week it traveled 321,987 miles. What is the total distance traveled in two weeks?

Accepted Answer

976,308

Answer

975,308

Answer

977,308

Answer

332,334

Question 23

A company had 987,654 employees. They laid off 123,456 employees. How many employees are left?

Accepted Answer

864,198

Answer

1,111,110

Answer

865,198

Answer

863,198

Question 24

Find the sum of 456,789 and 234,567.

Accepted Answer

691,356

Answer

682,356

Answer

681,356

Answer

692,356

Question 25

Subtract 123,456 from 567,890.

Accepted Answer

444,434

Answer

454,434

Answer

464,434

Answer

434,434

Question 26

Which mental math strategy can be used to add 245 and 321 quickly?

Accepted Answer

Compensation

Answer

Estimation

Answer

Factoring

Answer

Rounding

Question 27

Find the difference between 789,000 and 456,789.

Accepted Answer

332,211

Answer

312,211

Answer

342,211

Answer

322,211

Question 28

Solve the word problem: A farmer has 456 sheep and buys 234 more sheep. How many sheep does the farmer have now?

Accepted Answer

690

Answer

700

Answer

710

Answer

680

Question 29

Evaluate the expression: 567,890 - (234,567 + 123,456)

Accepted Answer

210,867

Answer

220,867

Answer

200,867

Answer

230,867

Question 30

Find the missing number: ___ - 456,789 = 234,567

Accepted Answer

691,356

Answer

681,356

Answer

682,356

Answer

692,356

Question 31

Which of the following is equivalent to 500,000 + 250,000 + 25,000?

Accepted Answer

775,000

Answer

675,000

Answer

755,000

Answer

875,000

Question 32

Estimate the sum of 456,789 and 234,567 using rounding.

Accepted Answer

700,000

Answer

900,000

Answer

600,000

Answer

800,000

Question 33

A bakery sold 345 chocolate chip cookies and 287 peanut butter cookies. How many cookies were sold in total?

Accepted Answer

632

Answer

732

Answer

622

Answer

522

Question 34

There are 876 students in the school. If 398 students are girls, how many are boys?

Accepted Answer

478

Answer

522

Answer

1274

Answer

488

Question 35

What is the difference between the largest 4-digit number and the smallest 3-digit number?

Accepted Answer

8999

Answer

9990

Answer

9001

Answer

9899

Question 36

Sarah had $548 in her savings account. She deposited another $175. How much money does she have in her account now?

Accepted Answer

$723

Answer

$613

Answer

$373

Answer

$623

Question 37

A farmer harvested 2,456 apples and 1,987 oranges. How many more apples than oranges did he harvest?

Accepted Answer

469

Answer

1469

Answer

4443

Answer

533

Question 38

What is 10,000 more than 342,859?

Accepted Answer

352,859

Answer

442,859

Answer

343,859

Answer

342,869

Question 39

Which of the following expressions represents the sum of 35,678 and 42,981?

Accepted Answer

35,678 + 42,981

Answer

42,981 - 35,678

Answer

35,678 - 42,981

Answer

35,678 x 42,981

Question 40

A factory produces 7,500 toys each day. How many toys does it produce in a week (7 days)?

Accepted Answer

52,500

Answer

45,000

Answer

75,007

Answer

52,000

Question 41

What is the estimated sum of 487 and 215 when rounded to the nearest hundred?

Accepted Answer

700

Answer

600

Answer

710

Question 42

A train traveled 345 miles on Monday and 287 miles on Tuesday. What is the total distance traveled in the two days?

Accepted Answer

632 miles

Answer

732 miles

Answer

522 miles

Answer

622 miles