Pediatric Emergencies: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes for EMS Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in children under 5?

Accepted Answer

Sunken eyes

Accepted Answer

Dry mucous membranes

Answer

Clear urine output

Answer

Normal skin turgor

Question 2

When assessing a child with a head injury, what is the MOST important factor to monitor?

Accepted Answer

Level of consciousness

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Breathing rate

Question 3

When a child is having trouble breathing, which vital sign is usually higher than normal?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Temperature

Question 4

What is the recommended initial fluid resuscitation volume for a moderately dehydrated child?

Accepted Answer

20-30 mL/kg

Answer

10-20 mL/kg

Answer

40-50 mL/kg

Answer

30-40 mL/kg

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential neurological complication of prolonged status epilepticus in children?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral edema

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hyperthermia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 6

What is the most prevalent cause of croup in children?

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to administering aspirin to a child?

Accepted Answer

Varicella infection

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Otitis media

Answer

Common cold

Question 8

In the case of a child who has ingested a button battery, what is the appropriate emergency action?

Accepted Answer

Obtain immediate medical attention to remove the battery

Answer

Provide antibiotic therapy

Answer

Administer pain medication

Answer

Observe the child for symptoms

Question 9

Which of the following signs is the most concerning indication of a life-threatening airway obstruction in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Inability to speak or make any sound

Answer

Crowding around the mouth

Answer

Muffled cough

Answer

Subcostal retractions

Question 10

Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria (excessive urination)

Answer

Bradydysrhythmias (slow, irregular heart rhythms)

Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Answer

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Question 11

What is the most common cause of head injuries in children?

Accepted Answer

Falls

Answer

Motor vehicle accidents

Answer

Sports injuries

Answer

Assault

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of anaphylaxis in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Answer

Difficulty breathing

Answer

Skin rash

Question 13

What is the first-line medication used to treat status epilepticus in children?

Accepted Answer

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Answer

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Answer

Valproic acid (Depakote)

Answer

Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)

Question 14

Which of the following is a contraindication for continuing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Obvious signs of death (e.g., rigor mortis, lividity)

Answer

Parental refusal

Answer

Age over 8 years

Answer

Trauma

Question 15

What is the most common cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

Unknown

Answer

Choking

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Respiratory infections

Question 16

What is the appropriate approach to managing a child with a suspected concussion?

Accepted Answer

Immediate observation and monitoring for worsening symptoms

Answer

Prescribe anti-inflammatory medication

Answer

Perform a CT scan immediately

Answer

Send home with instructions to rest

Question 17

Which of the following is a typical sign and symptom of septic shock in children?

Accepted Answer

Fever and hypotension

Answer

Tachycardia and hyperthermia

Answer

Bradycardia and hypertension

Answer

Hypoglycemia and irritability

Question 18

What is the initial treatment of choice for status epilepticus in children?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepine

Answer

Antipsychotic

Answer

Opioid

Answer

Anticonvulsant

Question 19

What is the first assessment priority in a child with a head injury?

Accepted Answer

Airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)

Answer

Pupillary response

Answer

Glasgow Coma Scale score

Answer

Injury mechanism

Question 20

Which medication is used to treat anaphylaxis in children?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Saline

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Glucagon

Question 21

Which pulse oximetry reading indicates severe hypoxemia in a child?

Accepted Answer

Below 90%

Answer

90-95%

Answer

95-100%

Answer

Above 100%

Question 22

Which of the following is a sign of dehydration in young children?

Accepted Answer

Dry mucous membranes

Answer

Increased urination

Answer

Normal skin turgor

Answer

Full fontanelle

Question 23

**Which of the following activities or environments is considered a protective factor against pediatric head injuries?**

Accepted Answer

Playing in a well-supervised and safe environment

Answer

Participation in contact sports

Answer

Young age

Answer

Previous head injury

Question 24

**What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in children, requiring prompt assessment and intervention?**

Accepted Answer

Foreign body aspiration

Answer

Croup

Answer

Asthma

Question 25

**Which of the following is a clinical sign indicating dehydration in children that requires prompt fluid administration?**

Accepted Answer

Dry and tacky mucous membranes

Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

Normal pulse

Question 26

**What is the recommended immobilization technique for a child suspected of having a spinal injury?**

Accepted Answer

Full spinal precautions (log roll technique)

Answer

Splint immobilization only

Answer

Collar immobilization only

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom triad of Kawasaki disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Fever, rash, and conjunctivitis

Answer

Rhinorrhea, cough, and sneezing

Answer

Fever, muscle pain, and fatigue

Answer

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 28

The recommended initial fluid resuscitation for a 5-year-old child with moderate dehydration is:

Accepted Answer

Crystalloids (such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution)

Answer

Colloids (such as albumin or dextran)

Answer

Whole blood

Question 29

Which of the following characterizes the cardiovascular findings in pediatric septic shock?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension, tachycardia, and cold extremities

Answer

Confusion, seizures, and focal neurological deficits

Answer

Cyanosis, hypoxia, and respiratory distress

Answer

Bradycardia, hypertension, and elevated core temperature

Question 30

The first-line treatment for an acute asthmatic attack in children includes:

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Oxygen and chest physiotherapy

Answer

Mucolytics only

Question 31

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of anaphylaxis in children?

Accepted Answer

Stridor, angioedema, and hypotension

Answer

Cough, wheezing, and chest pain

Answer

Headache, fever, and myalgia

Answer

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps

Question 32

A significant risk factor for intussusception in young children is:

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Bacterial meningitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Question 33

The most common site of congenital diaphragmatic hernias in newborns is the:

Accepted Answer

Foramen of Bochdalek

Answer

Foramen of Morgagni

Answer

Esophageal atresia

Answer

Central tendon defect

Question 34

The initial management of a child with a head injury should focus on:

Accepted Answer

Assessing and maintaining the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)

Answer

Early administration of pain relievers

Answer

Immediate surgical intervention

Question 35

In the management of a febrile seizure in a pediatric patient, the priority actions include:

Accepted Answer

Administering antipyretics (fever-reducing medications) and protecting the airway

Answer

Restraining the patient to prevent injury during the seizure

Answer

Transporting the patient immediately to the hospital

Question 36

Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is a sign of which condition in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock (a critical condition caused by a loss of blood or fluids)

Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Answer

Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature)

Answer

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Question 37

In caring for a pediatric patient with a suspected spinal injury, it is essential to:

Accepted Answer

Immobilize the patient's head and neck in a neutral position using a rigid collar or other appropriate device

Answer

Allow the patient to move freely to assess range of motion

Answer

Sit the patient up to improve breathing

Question 38

A potentially life-threatening complication of a pediatric allergic reaction is:

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis (a severe,全身 reaction to an allergen)

Answer

Pneumonia (infection of the lungs)

Answer

Stroke (loss of brain function due to interrupted blood flow)

Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 39

A common cause of poisoning in pediatric patients is:

Accepted Answer

Accidental ingestion of household cleaning products

Answer

Spider bite

Answer

Snakebite

Answer

Scorpion sting

Question 40

In the management of a pediatric patient with a suspected overdose, it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Administer activated charcoal to absorb toxins and monitor the patient's vital signs closely

Answer

Give the patient fluids to promote diuresis and elimination of the substance

Answer

Induce vomiting to expel the ingested substance

Question 41

Which of the following is the recommended method for assessing capillary refill time in infants under 6 months old?

Accepted Answer

Gently press and release the infant's fingernail bed and observe the time it takes for the color to return.

Answer

Palpate the radial pulse for one minute.

Question 42

A 10-year-old child presents with a suspected femur fracture after a bicycle accident. What is the most appropriate method for immobilizing the injured leg?

Accepted Answer

Apply a traction splint.

Answer

Secure the injured leg to the uninjured leg with bandages.

Answer

Place the child on a backboard with their legs extended.

Answer

Elevate the injured leg on pillows.

Question 43

You are called to a residence where a 2-year-old child has ingested an unknown quantity of their grandmother's heart medication. The child is conscious but lethargic. What should be your first action?

Accepted Answer

Contact the poison control center immediately.

Answer

Administer activated charcoal.

Answer

Induce vomiting in the child.

Answer

Transport the child to the hospital immediately.

Question 44

Which of the following is a LATE indicator of shock in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Delayed capillary refill

Answer

Altered mental status

Question 45

A 7-year-old child with a history of asthma presents with wheezing, shortness of breath, and a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. What is the most important initial intervention for this child?

Accepted Answer

Administer supplemental oxygen.

Answer

Transport the child to the hospital in a position of comfort.

Answer

Obtain a detailed medical history from the parents.

Answer

Administer a nebulized bronchodilator.

Question 46

A child presents with a high fever, stiff neck, and a petechial rash. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Measles

Answer

Chickenpox

Answer

Fifth disease

Question 47

When communicating with a child in a stressful medical situation, which of the following strategies is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Use age-appropriate language and explanations.

Answer

Direct communication to the parents or guardians.

Answer

Avoid eye contact to prevent further anxiety.

Answer

Minimize the severity of the situation to prevent fear.

Question 48

A 15-year-old child has sustained a significant head injury and is unresponsive. You are unable to obtain consent from the parents. What is the appropriate action?

Accepted Answer

Provide emergency treatment based on implied consent.

Answer

Attempt to contact other family members for consent.

Answer

Withhold treatment until parental consent is obtained.

Question 49

A 4-year-old child has ingested an unknown substance. What is the first action that should be taken?

Accepted Answer

Contact the Poison Control Center.

Answer

Transport the child to the hospital

Answer

Induce vomiting

Answer

Administer activated charcoal

Question 50

A child presents with a history of a fall and a suspected fracture. What is the most appropriate method to assess for a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Palpate the area for tenderness and deformity

Answer

Perform a full range of motion assessment

Answer

Apply pressure to the injured area

Question 51

When assessing a pediatric patient, which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of their overall health status?

Accepted Answer

Level of consciousness

Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Skin color

Answer

Heart rate

Question 52

A 5-year-old child is experiencing a seizure.  Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action to take?

Accepted Answer

Protect the child from injury

Answer

Administer medication

Answer

Attempt to restrain the child

Answer

Place a spoon in the child's mouth

Question 53

A 3-year-old child has ingested a small toy. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

Accepted Answer

Transport to the hospital for evaluation

Answer

Attempt to retrieve the toy with your fingers

Answer

Encourage the child to cough forcefully

Answer

Administer syrup of ipecac