Infection: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which primary factor is used to categorize infections?

Accepted Answer

Causative agent

Answer

Severity of symptoms

Answer

Transmission method

Answer

Duration of illness

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Congenital disorder

Answer

Fungal infection

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Question 3

What is the term for an infection that spreads through the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Bacteremia

Answer

Meningitis

Question 4

Which of the following is a fungal infection that commonly affects the skin?

Accepted Answer

Tinea

Answer

Candidiasis

Answer

Aspergillosis

Question 5

What is the recommended course of action if you suspect you have an infection?

Accepted Answer

Consult a healthcare professional

Answer

Self-medicate with antibiotics

Answer

Ignore the symptoms

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Question 7

Which bacteria is the most common cause of pneumonia acquired outside of a hospital setting?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 8

Which characteristic is distinctive of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat it.

Answer

It is caused by a virus.

Answer

It is only transmitted through direct contact with an infected person.

Answer

It is primarily observed in children and rarely affects adults.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a recognized route of transmission for infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Direct contact with soil

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Answer

Contact with contaminated objects

Answer

Airborne transmission

Question 10

Which of the following mediators are primarily responsible for orchestrating the inflammatory response during infection?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines and chemokines

Answer

Antibodies and antigens

Answer

Vitamins and minerals

Answer

Hormones and enzymes

Question 11

Which of the following symptoms is frequently associated with systemic infections?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Skin rash

Question 12

Identify the primary components responsible for the body's initial defense against infection.

Accepted Answer

Physical barriers and innate immune responses

Answer

T cells and macrophages

Answer

Antibodies and B cells

Answer

Antibiotics and antiviral drugs

Question 13

Which of the following falls under the umbrella of antimicrobial agents?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Antidepressant

Answer

Anesthetic

Answer

Anti-inflammatory drug

Question 14

Define the period between exposure to a pathogen and the manifestation of symptoms in the context of infectious diseases.

Accepted Answer

Incubation period

Answer

Period of time required to develop immunity

Answer

Duration of the infectious period

Question 15

Select the characteristic that accurately describes a zoonotic infection.

Accepted Answer

Transmitted from animals to humans

Answer

Treatable with antibiotics

Answer

Always fatal

Answer

Caused by a virus

Question 16

Identify the primary function of the immune system in relation to human health.

Accepted Answer

Defend the body against infection

Answer

Produce hormones

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Answer

Digest food

Question 17

Which of the following pathogens is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 18

The incubation period of an infectious disease is the time between:

Accepted Answer

Exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms

Answer

Exposure to the pathogen and the recovery from the disease

Answer

Onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of the disease

Answer

Diagnosis of the disease and the recovery from the disease

Question 19

Antibiotics are most effective against:

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections

Answer

Fungal infections

Answer

Viral infections

Answer

Parasitic infections

Question 20

A major consequence of antimicrobial resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of treatment failure

Answer

Improved efficacy of antibiotics

Answer

Reduced healthcare costs

Answer

Faster recovery times

Question 21

The pathogenicity of a microorganism refers to its:

Accepted Answer

Ability to cause disease

Answer

Antibiotic susceptibility

Answer

Rate of transmission

Answer

Environmental stability

Question 22

Which of the following is a primary mechanism of antimicrobial resistance?

Accepted Answer

Efflux pumps

Answer

Increased virulence

Answer

Biofilm formation

Question 23

What is the primary responsibility of an infection control professional?

Accepted Answer

To develop and implement infection prevention and control measures

Answer

To conduct research on infectious diseases

Answer

To provide direct patient care

Question 24

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a nosocomial infection?

Accepted Answer

Acquired in the hospital

Answer

Caused by a multidrug-resistant organism

Answer

Rapidly fatal

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a component of the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

Virulence

Answer

Reservoir

Answer

Infectious agent

Question 26

What is the most effective strategy for preventing the spread of infection in healthcare settings?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer

Personal protective equipment

Question 27

A patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. A sputum culture reveals *Streptococcus pneumoniae*.  What is the most likely mode of transmission for this infection?

Accepted Answer

Droplet transmission

Answer

Airborne transmission

Answer

Contact transmission

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 28

What distinguishes viruses from bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Viruses require a host cell to replicate.

Answer

Viruses are prokaryotic organisms.

Answer

Viruses are susceptible to antibiotics.

Answer

Viruses are typically larger than bacteria.

Question 29

A healthcare worker is caring for a patient with a highly contagious viral infection.  Which infection control measure is MOST effective in preventing the spread of the infection?

Accepted Answer

Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gown, and mask.

Answer

Restricting visitors from entering the patient's room.

Answer

Administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to the patient.

Question 30

A patient with a bacterial infection is prescribed antibiotics. How do these medications work?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics interfere with essential bacterial processes, such as cell wall synthesis.

Answer

Antibiotics stimulate the body's immune response to fight the infection.

Answer

Antibiotics directly kill all bacteria in the body.

Question 31

A patient presents with fever, headache, and a stiff neck. A lumbar puncture reveals *Neisseria meningitidis* in the cerebrospinal fluid. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Encephalitis

Answer

Sepsis

Question 32

A patient is admitted with suspected *Clostridioides difficile* infection (C. diff). What is the MOST appropriate measure to prevent the spread of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Implementing contact precautions, including gown and gloves.

Answer

Administering antibiotics to the patient.

Answer

Placing the patient in a private room with negative pressure ventilation.

Question 33

Which of the following is a preventative measure to reduce the incidence of infections?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that helps bacteria cause infections?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a cell wall

Answer

Ability to adhere to surfaces

Answer

Ability to produce toxins

Answer

Rapid reproduction rate

Question 35

A patient presents with fever, chills, and a productive cough. A sputum culture reveals Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is likely an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer

Viral pneumonia

Answer

Fungal infection

Answer

Parasitic infection

Question 36

What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

Accepted Answer

Strict adherence to hand hygiene practices

Answer

Using only sterile equipment

Answer

Isolating all patients with suspected infections

Answer

Administering antibiotics to all patients

Question 37

Individuals with weakened immune systems are at increased risk for which type of infection?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic infections

Answer

Chronic inflammatory diseases

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Answer

Genetic disorders

Question 38

Which type of antibiotic is effective against a wide range of bacterial species?

Accepted Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotic

Answer

Narrow-spectrum antibiotic

Answer

Antifungal medication

Answer

Antiviral medication

Question 39

The primary factor driving the development of antibiotic resistance is:

Accepted Answer

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics

Answer

Changes in the host's microbiome

Answer

Increased exposure to environmental toxins

Answer

Genetic mutations in the host

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a classic symptom of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Numbness

Answer

Pain

Answer

Swelling

Answer

Redness

Question 41

A patient with fever and a high white blood cell count is likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

An active infection

Answer

A nutritional deficiency

Answer

A hormonal imbalance

Answer

An allergic reaction

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of a nosocomial infection?

Accepted Answer

A urinary tract infection acquired during a hospital stay

Answer

A skin infection from a cut sustained while gardening

Answer

A cold contracted from a family member

Answer

Food poisoning from contaminated food

Question 43

A patient presents with fever, headache, and a stiff neck. A lumbar puncture reveals Neisseria meningitidis. This is a likely case of:

Accepted Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Gastroenteritis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Urinary tract infection

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a common route of infection transmission?

Accepted Answer

Telepathy

Answer

Vector-borne (e.g., mosquito bite)

Answer

Airborne (e.g., inhaling respiratory droplets)

Answer

Contact (e.g., touching a contaminated surface)

Question 45

What is the primary function of the immune system in response to infection?

Accepted Answer

To identify and eliminate pathogens

Answer

To maintain electrolyte balance

Answer

To produce red blood cells

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Question 46

Which of the following is a common symptom associated with bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Itching

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Muscle aches

Question 47

What is the process called when microorganisms enter a host and multiply within it?

Accepted Answer

Infection

Answer

Pathogenesis

Answer

Incubation period

Answer

Colonization

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic infection?

Accepted Answer

Rabies

Answer

Measles

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Influenza

Question 49

What is the primary goal of infection control measures?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the spread of infection

Answer

To enhance patient comfort

Answer

To treat existing infections

Answer

To reduce mortality rates from infections

Question 50

Which of the following is classified as an antimicrobial agent?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic

Answer

Analgesic

Answer

Antihypertensive

Answer

Antihistamine

Question 51

What does the incubation period of an infection refer to?

Accepted Answer

The time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms

Answer

The duration of contagiousness

Answer

The time between infection and diagnosis

Answer

The time between the onset of symptoms and recovery

Question 52

Which of the following is a potential complication that can arise from a severe infection?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 53

What is the practice of using multiple antimicrobial agents simultaneously to treat an infection called?

Accepted Answer

Combination therapy

Answer

Sequential therapy

Answer

Monotherapy

Answer

Empiric therapy