Phonological Rules: Master the Sound Patterns of Language

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of phonological rule?

Accepted Answer

Morphological rule

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Metathesis

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of assimilation in which two sounds become more similar?

Accepted Answer

The /n/ in "tenth" becomes /m/ before /p/

Answer

The /t/ in "stop" is deleted before /s/

Answer

The /r/ in "car" is inserted before /t/

Answer

The /i/ in "sit" is neutralized to /ɪ/

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of insertion in which a sound is added between two other sounds?

Accepted Answer

The /r/ in "car" is inserted before /t/

Answer

The /n/ in "tenth" becomes /m/ before /p/

Answer

The /t/ in "stop" is deleted before /s/

Answer

The /i/ in "sit" is neutralized to /ɪ/

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of neutralization in which two sounds become identical in a particular context?

Accepted Answer

The /i/ in "sit" is neutralized to /ɪ/

Answer

The /n/ in "tenth" becomes /m/ before /p/

Answer

The /t/ in "stop" is deleted before /s/

Answer

The /r/ in "car" is inserted before /t/

Question 5

How do phonological rules influence the combination of morphemes in morphological processes?

Accepted Answer

Phonological rules affect the pronunciation of morphemes at morpheme boundaries.

Answer

Phonological rules prevent the joining of morphemes.

Answer

Phonological rules keep morphemes distinctly pronounced.

Answer

Phonological rules have no impact on the morphological structure of words.

Question 6

What is the term for a phonological rule that changes a sound to become more similar to a neighboring sound?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Question 7

What is a neutralization rule?

Accepted Answer

A rule that causes two or more sounds to become indistinguishable in certain contexts

Answer

A rule that causes a sound to be replaced by another sound

Answer

A rule that causes a sound to be deleted

Answer

A rule that causes a sound to be inserted

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a metathesis rule?

Accepted Answer

The switching of the 'r' and 'l' sounds in some varieties of English, such as in 'grass' and 'glass'

Answer

The deletion of the final consonant in words like 'cat' and 'dog' in casual speech

Answer

The deletion of the 'h' sound in words like 'what' and 'when'

Answer

The deletion of the first vowel in words like 'rhythm' and 'history'

Question 9

What is the fundamental difference between phonological rules and phonetic rules?

Accepted Answer

Phonological rules apply to the underlying representation of words, while phonetic rules apply to the surface form

Answer

Phonological rules are more general than phonetic rules

Answer

Phonetic rules are more general than phonological rules

Answer

There is no difference between phonological rules and phonetic rules

Question 10

How do phoneticians primarily identify and describe phonological rules?

Accepted Answer

By observing speech patterns

Answer

Through experimentation

Answer

Using introspection

Answer

With simulations

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of phonological rule?

Accepted Answer

Spoonerism

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Monophthongization

Question 12

The process by which two adjacent sounds become more similar in their articulation is known as:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Metathesis

Question 13

Which of the following rules changes the pronunciation of a consonant to match the place of articulation of a following consonant?

Accepted Answer

Progressive assimilation

Answer

Regressive assimilation

Answer

Coalescence

Answer

Neutralization

Question 14

The process by which two adjacent sounds become less similar in their articulation is called:

Accepted Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Epenthesis

Answer

Elision

Answer

Substitution

Question 15

Which of the following rules involves the omission of a sound?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Answer

Addition

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Metathesis

Question 16

The process by which a single sound is replaced by another is called:

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Addition

Answer

Epenthesis

Answer

Elision

Question 17

Which of the following rules changes the order of sounds within a word?

Accepted Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Question 18

How do phonological rules interact with other aspects of language structure, like syntax and morphology?

Accepted Answer

Phonological rules influence sound patterns based on grammatical and structural contexts in syntax and morphology.

Answer

Phonological rules are independent of syntax and morphology.

Answer

Phonological rules solely determine the structure of syntactic units.

Question 19

What is a potential ethical concern when applying phonological rules?

Accepted Answer

Classifying people based on their speech patterns

Answer

Enhancing communication through phonological rules

Answer

Developing new languages

Question 20

What is the term for a sound change where two sounds become more similar?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Lenition

Question 21

Identify an example of a deletion rule in phonology:

Accepted Answer

The omission of the final consonant in a word

Answer

The insertion of a vowel between two consonants

Answer

The alteration of a vowel sound's quality

Answer

The reversal of the order of two sounds

Question 22

What is the term used to describe a sound change where two sounds become more distinct?

Accepted Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Fortition

Question 23

Provide an example of a metathesis rule:

Accepted Answer

The reversal of the order of two sounds

Answer

The alteration of a vowel sound's quality

Answer

The omission of a consonant sound

Answer

The addition of a consonant sound

Question 24

What is the term for a sound change where two sounds become identical?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Lenition

Answer

Fortition

Question 25

Identify an example of a lenition rule:

Accepted Answer

The alteration of a voiceless consonant to a voiced consonant

Answer

The alteration of a voiced consonant to a voiceless consonant

Answer

The omission of a consonant sound

Answer

The addition of a consonant sound

Question 26

What is the term for a sound change where a sound becomes stronger?

Accepted Answer

Fortition

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Lenition

Question 27

Which of the following describes a change in sounds to make them more similar?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Allophony

Question 28

Which phonological rule describes the change from 's' to 'z' in the word 'cats' (plural)?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Neutralization

Question 29

Which phonological rule involves switching the order of two adjacent sounds?

Accepted Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Question 30

Which phonological rule describes the loss of a sound?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Question 31

What is the term for a phonological rule that changes the sound of a phoneme due to the influence of a neighboring phoneme?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Fortition

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a phonological deletion rule in English?

Accepted Answer

The deletion of /t/ before /s/ in 'cats'

Answer

The insertion of /n/ between /s/ and /k/ in 'sink'

Answer

The change of /p/ to /f/ before /r/ in 'froze'

Answer

The voicing of /l/ to /ɫ/ before a vowel in 'milk'

Question 33

What is the term for a phonological rule that simplifies the articulation of a sound?

Accepted Answer

Lenition

Answer

Fortition

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Neutralization

Question 34

What is the term for a set of phonological rules that apply to a specific language or dialect?

Accepted Answer

Phonological system

Answer

Phonological inventory

Answer

Phonological grammar

Answer

Phonological competence

Question 35

What is the term for a sound that is not distinctive in a particular language?

Accepted Answer

Allophone

Answer

Phoneme

Answer

Syllable

Answer

Mora

Question 36

What is the term for a phonological rule that changes the duration or prominence of a syllable?

Accepted Answer

Stress

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Neutralization

Question 37

Which phonological rule leads to a consonant sound being modified to match an adjacent sound?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Vowel harmony

Answer

Consonant deletion

Answer

Metathesis

Question 38

Which category is NOT a major classification of phonological rules?

Accepted Answer

Syntactic rules

Answer

Deletion rules

Answer

Insertion rules

Answer

Assimilation rules

Question 39

The phonological rule responsible for adding an extra syllable to 'bananas' is:

Accepted Answer

Epenthesis

Answer

Elision

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Question 40

The branch of linguistics that focuses on the study of phonological rules is:

Accepted Answer

Phonology

Answer

Semantics

Answer

Syntax

Answer

Morphology

Question 41

The rule that explains why the final consonant sound is often dropped in words like 'cat' before another consonant is:

Accepted Answer

Consonant deletion

Answer

Syllable reduction

Answer

Vowel assimilation

Answer

Stress assignment

Question 42

Which phonological rule accounts for the difference in vowel sounds between 'foot' and 'feet'?

Accepted Answer

Vowel alternation

Answer

Stress assignment

Answer

Consonant deletion

Answer

Glottalization

Question 43

The phonological rule that involves switching the order of sounds within a word is called:

Accepted Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Epenthesis

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Assimilation

Question 44

Which type of phonological rule explains how sounds change when they occur adjacent to specific other sounds?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Question 45

An example of assimilation is the change of 'p' to 'b' in the word 'cupboard' when spoken quickly. Which type of phonological rule is this?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Dissimilation

Question 46

What is the term for the process where two different sounds become more alike?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Question 47

Which type of phonological rule governs how sounds change when they occur in specific positions within a word?

Accepted Answer

Sandhi

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Question 48

What is the term for the process where two sounds that are alike become more distinct?

Accepted Answer

Dissimilation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Deletion

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT considered a phonological rule?

Accepted Answer

Analogy

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Metathesis

Question 50

The process of changing /t/ to [d] when it occurs between two vowels is an instance of:

Accepted Answer

Voicing

Answer

Nasalization

Answer

Deletion

Question 51

The rule that changes /n/ to [ŋ] before velar consonants is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Voicing

Answer

Metathesis

Question 52

Which phonological process involves modifying the duration of sounds?

Accepted Answer

Lengthening

Answer

Voicing

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Assimilation

Question 53

The process of changing /s/ to [z] when it occurs between two vowels is an instance of:

Accepted Answer

Voicing

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Nasalization

Answer

Deletion

Question 54

The process of changing /θ/ to [f] when it occurs at the end of a word is an instance of:

Accepted Answer

Devoicing

Answer

Metathesis

Answer

Nasalization

Answer

Deletion

Question 55

The process of changing /ŋ/ to [n] when it occurs before a consonant that is not velar is an instance of:

Accepted Answer

Denasalization

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Voicing