Social Psychology: Learn How Individuals Behave in Social Situations

Question 1

How do social norms and personal values influence behavior differently in collectivist and individualistic cultures?

Accepted Answer

Social norms are more influential in collectivist cultures, while personal values are more important in individualistic cultures.

Answer

Personal values are always more important than social norms in shaping behavior.

Answer

Social norms and personal values are independent and have no impact on behavior.

Question 2

Which ethical principles are essential in social psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent: Researchers must obtain participants' consent after explaining the study's purpose and potential risks.

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality: Participants' personal information and data must be kept private to protect their identities.

Accepted Answer

Protection from harm: Researchers must minimize any potential physical or psychological risks to participants.

Answer

Informed consent is not required if the study poses minimal risk to participants.

Question 3

How do cultural factors shape social norms and their impact on individual behavior and attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Cultural factors influence the development of social norms, which in turn guide individual behavior and attitudes within specific cultural contexts.

Answer

Cultural factors have no influence on social norms or individual behavior and attitudes.

Answer

Social norms are universal and apply to all individuals regardless of their cultural background.

Answer

Individual behavior and attitudes solely determine social norms.

Question 4

How do emotions affect the success of social influence strategies?

Accepted Answer

Emotions can either strengthen or weaken the effectiveness of social influence strategies, depending on the situation.

Answer

Emotions do not affect the effectiveness of social influence strategies.

Answer

Positive emotions always enhance the effectiveness of social influence strategies.

Answer

Only intense emotions can influence the effectiveness of social influence strategies.

Question 5

How do social and cultural factors interact to shape social norms, and how do these norms influence individual actions and social interactions?

Accepted Answer

Social and cultural factors are crucial in the development and maintenance of social norms, which in turn influence both individual behavior and social interactions.

Answer

Social norms are solely determined by group dynamics, with no external cultural influences.

Answer

Cultural values and beliefs have no impact on the formation of social norms within a society.

Answer

Social norms only affect individual behavior, not social interactions.

Question 6

Which strategy is most effective in reducing intergroup conflict and fostering social harmony, based on social psychology principles?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging positive and cooperative intergroup contact.

Answer

Separating conflicting groups to prevent contact.

Answer

Punishing individuals involved in intergroup violence or discrimination.

Answer

Promoting individualistic values and competition between groups.

Question 7

How do social norms and cultural values shape the ways emotions are expressed and suppressed in various social settings? Illustrate your answer with specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Cultural values influence which emotions are deemed appropriate or inappropriate to express in different social contexts.

Answer

Social norms and cultural values have no bearing on emotional expression or suppression.

Answer

Social norms dictate emotional expression uniformly across cultures, irrespective of individual variations.

Answer

Social norms and cultural values do not affect emotional suppression.

Question 8

Describe the 'self-fulfilling prophecy':

Accepted Answer

Expectations influence behavior, confirming those expectations

Answer

Expectations have no impact on behavior

Answer

Behavior is solely determined by genetics

Answer

Behavior is solely determined by environment

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a major theory in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis

Answer

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 10

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, when individuals are highly motivated and have the cognitive resources, they are more likely to engage in:

Accepted Answer

Central processing

Answer

Peripheral processing

Answer

Heuristic processing

Answer

Subliminal processing

Question 11

The process by which individuals gradually adopt the beliefs and behaviors of a group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Social conformity

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Social identity formation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive bias

Answer

Attitudes

Answer

Social identity

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 13

According to cognitive dissonance theory, individuals strive to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce cognitive dissonance by changing their beliefs or behaviors.

Answer

Avoid situations that produce dissonance.

Answer

Ignore the presence of cognitive dissonance.

Answer

Suppress thoughts or behaviors that contradict their beliefs.

Question 14

Social identity refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Part of an individual's self-concept that stems from group membership.

Answer

Perception of oneself in relation to others.

Answer

Influence of social norms on behavior.

Answer

Process of maintaining a positive self-image.

Question 15

Which of the following ethical principles requires that researchers treat participants with respect and consider their well-being?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Debriefing

Question 16

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors, such as personality traits, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Question 17

The process by which individuals adopt the values, beliefs, and attitudes of a group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Convergence

Question 18

The concept of ingroup bias refers to:

Accepted Answer

The tendency to favor members of one's own group

Answer

The tendency to discriminate against members of other groups

Answer

The belief that one's own group is superior to others

Answer

The perception that members of other groups are more similar to each other than to oneself

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary focus of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Understanding how individuals influence and are influenced by others in social situations

Answer

Identifying the causes of mental illness

Answer

Explaining the development of personality

Answer

Evaluating the effectiveness of different types of therapy

Question 20

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon that:

Accepted Answer

People are less likely to help others when they are in a group

Answer

People are more likely to help others when they are alone

Answer

People are equally likely to help others regardless of the number of bystanders

Answer

People are more likely to help others if they are rewarded

Question 21

According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion is most effective when:

Accepted Answer

People are highly motivated and pay attention to the message

Answer

People are not motivated but are exposed to the message repeatedly

Answer

People are motivated but do not pay attention to the message

Answer

People are not motivated and are not exposed to the message

Question 22

How does emotional intelligence enhance our social interactions and contribute to positive social outcomes? Explain its impact on interpersonal relationships.

Accepted Answer

Improves communication and conflict resolution.

Accepted Answer

Reduces anxiety and boosts confidence.

Accepted Answer

Encourages support and cooperation.

Answer

Leads to isolation and loneliness.

Question 23

According to social identity theory, how do individuals define their self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Based on both their individual characteristics and group memberships

Answer

Based solely on their individual characteristics

Answer

Based solely on their group memberships

Answer

Based on neither their individual characteristics nor group memberships

Question 24

What is the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

The tendency for people to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present

Answer

The tendency for people to be more likely to help someone in need when others are present

Answer

The tendency for people to blame others for not helping in an emergency

Answer

The tendency for people to overestimate their own responsibility to help others

Question 25

What is the role of heuristics in social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

They allow us to make quick and efficient judgments

Answer

They can lead to biases and errors in judgment

Answer

Neither of the above

Question 26

What is the primary goal of social psychology research?

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

To understand how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations

Answer

To develop interventions to improve social behavior

Answer

Neither of the above

Question 27

How do cultural norms and values contribute to the formation and expression of prejudice and intergroup bias?

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and values can reinforce existing prejudices and bias.

Answer

Cultural factors have no influence on prejudice or intergroup bias.

Answer

Cultural factors can only diminish prejudice and intergroup bias.

Answer

Cultural factors are unchanging and have no impact on the development of prejudice and intergroup bias.

Question 28

How can social media impact our interactions with people from different social groups?

Accepted Answer

The impact of social media on intergroup dynamics and relationships depends on how it's used.

Answer

Social media always fosters greater understanding and positive relationships between different groups.

Answer

Social media has no noticeable impact on how we interact with people from other social groups.

Question 29

Which of the following factors does NOT influence conformity?

Accepted Answer

Individual self-esteem

Answer

Group size

Answer

Group unanimity

Answer

Social norms

Question 30

Which theory suggests that the self is a collection of schemas that guide our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Self-schema theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Self-categorization theory

Question 31

According to social identity theory, individuals' self-concept is influenced by their:

Accepted Answer

Membership in social groups

Answer

Comparison to others

Answer

Personal experiences

Answer

Cultural norms

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a reason why people engage in prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

Self-interest

Answer

Altruism

Answer

Social norms

Answer

Biological factors

Question 33

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the effectiveness of a persuasive message is dependent on the level of:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive effort

Answer

Motivation

Answer

Prior knowledge

Answer

Message source

Question 34

Which of the following is a fundamental concept in social psychology that describes the tension created when individuals hold two or more contradictory beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social identity theory

Question 35

According to attribution theory, how do individuals explain the behavior of others?

Accepted Answer

By considering both internal and external factors

Answer

By solely focusing on internal factors

Answer

By solely focusing on external factors

Answer

By relying on stereotypes and prejudices

Question 36

Which phenomenon in social psychology refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better on certain tasks when in the presence of others?

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Conformity

Question 37

Which negative outcome can result from groupthink, a phenomenon that occurs in highly cohesive groups?

Accepted Answer

Impaired decision-making

Answer

Enhanced problem-solving abilities

Answer

Increased creativity

Answer

Stronger communication among group members

Question 38

Which theory suggests that individuals strive to maintain a positive self-image by reducing the inconsistency between their beliefs and actions?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Question 39

Which perspective in social psychology emphasizes the cultural and historical context in which behavior and cognition occur?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural approach

Answer

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer

Cognitive-behavioral approach

Answer

Humanistic approach

Question 40

Which term refers to the tendency for individuals to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and disregard or discount information that challenges them?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social comparison

Question 41

Which ethical concern is paramount in social research and involves safeguarding the privacy and well-being of participants?

Accepted Answer

Privacy and confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Objectivity and bias

Answer

Data security

Question 42

The fundamental attribution error refers to:

Accepted Answer

The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors even when situational factors are present

Answer

The tendency to overestimate the role of situational factors in explaining others' behavior

Answer

The tendency to underestimate the role of personality factors in explaining our own behavior

Answer

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational factors even when personality factors are present

Question 43

The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which:

Accepted Answer

Individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation when other people are present

Answer

Individuals are more likely to help in an emergency situation when other people are present

Answer

Individuals overestimate the number of people who will help in an emergency situation

Answer

Individuals underestimate the number of people who will help in an emergency situation

Question 44

Social loafing refers to:

Accepted Answer

The tendency for individuals to put forth less effort when working in a group than when working alone

Answer

The tendency for individuals to put forth more effort when working in a group than when working alone

Answer

The tendency for individuals to take on more responsibility when working in a group than when working alone

Answer

The tendency for individuals to avoid working in groups

Question 45

Which of the following is not considered a major theory in the field of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Question 46

Which core concept of social identity theory emphasizes that individuals associate with social groups and categorize themselves based on those affiliations?

Accepted Answer

Individuals identify with social groups and categorize themselves accordingly.

Answer

Individuals strive to maintain a positive self-esteem.

Answer

Individuals tend to conform to the norms established by their groups.

Answer

Individuals have an innate desire to share personal information with others.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a core concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Quantum mechanics

Answer

Social cognition

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Social behavior

Question 48

According to the Stanford Prison Experiment, individuals assigned to the role of guards were more likely to exhibit:

Accepted Answer

Cruel and sadistic tendencies

Answer

Increased empathy and compassion

Answer

Cooperative and teamwork-oriented behavior

Answer

A strong sense of responsibility

Question 49

Which theory proposes that individuals' beliefs and attitudes are shaped by the need to maintain a positive self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Question 50

What is the term for the process by which individuals gradually adopt the attitudes, values, and behaviors of others in their social environment?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Persuasion

Answer

Groupthink

Question 51

What is the primary function of social norms?

Accepted Answer

To maintain social order by regulating behavior

Answer

To promote individual happiness and well-being

Answer

To create conflict and division within society

Answer

To stifle creativity and innovation

Question 52

What is the key difference between social facilitation and social inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation improves performance, while social inhibition impairs performance

Answer

Social facilitation occurs in competitive situations, while social inhibition occurs in cooperative situations

Answer

Social facilitation occurs in novel situations, while social inhibition occurs in familiar situations

Answer

Social facilitation occurs when others are present, while social inhibition occurs when others are absent

Question 53

How do cultural norms and values shape our understanding and expression of emotions? How can this knowledge enhance our emotional well-being and cross-cultural communication?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing cultural influences on emotions can promote emotional well-being and improve cross-cultural interactions.

Answer

Cultural factors have no influence on emotions.

Answer

Emotional well-being is unaffected by cultural influences.

Answer

Understanding cultural differences in emotions has no impact on cross-cultural communication.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences social perception?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Physical appearance

Answer

Social status

Answer

Personality

Question 55

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Attribute others' behavior to internal factors, even when external factors are likely causes.

Answer

Attribute our own behavior to external factors, even when internal factors are likely causes.

Answer

Attribute others' behavior to external factors, even when internal factors are likely causes.

Answer

Attribute our own behavior to internal factors, even when external factors are likely causes.

Question 56

Which of the following is a key principle of social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

Performance improves on tasks that are easy, but not on tasks that are difficult.

Answer

Performance improves on tasks that are both easy and difficult.

Answer

Performance worsens on tasks that are both easy and difficult.

Answer

Performance is not affected by the presence of others.

Question 57

The process by which individuals adjust their attitudes and behaviors to match those of a group is called:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Groupthink

Question 58

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Impaired decision-making

Answer

Enhanced creativity

Answer

Improved problem-solving

Answer

Increased cohesiveness

Question 59

Prejudice refers to:

Accepted Answer

A negative or unfair attitude towards a specific group of people, often based on stereotypes and generalizations.

Answer

A positive or favorable attitude towards a specific group of people.

Answer

A neutral or indifferent attitude towards a specific group of people.

Answer

A belief that all members of a group share the same characteristics and traits.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Answer

Racism

Answer

Sexism

Answer

Ageism

Question 61

Stereotyping involves:

Accepted Answer

Assigning simplified and fixed characteristics to an entire group of people.

Answer

Judging individuals based on their unique traits and behaviors.

Answer

Challenging assumptions about groups and recognizing individual differences.

Answer

Promoting understanding and empathy between different groups.

Question 62

Which of the following is a key concept in the social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-categorization

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Question 63

What is the main phenomenon studied in social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

Improvement in performance of simple tasks in the presence of others.

Answer

Reduction of conformity in the presence of others

Answer

Impairment in performance of complex tasks in the presence of others

Question 64

What is a key limitation of laboratory research in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Artificiality and reduced ecological validity

Answer

Small sample size

Answer

Bias in data collection

Answer

Ethical concerns